tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-59745526166224373812024-03-05T02:46:25.916-05:00Speaking VolumesPRESERVING THE PAST FOR THE FUTUREA Bookbinderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13435420945013975479noreply@blogger.comBlogger95125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-12909058374033452692023-03-02T11:11:00.000-05:002023-03-02T11:11:41.182-05:00Silver Pitchers: and Independence, a Centennial Love Story - a collection of short stories by Louisa May Alcott<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: normal; margin-bottom: 0in;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #333333;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEirf7wIHARx4U96zwlUkowKcc-w4rUOE8zSx0BQmeWmlDJ8jBc034_2-gRyGBaUdQ9DlCbRgHhP1souoqxTWn3DOsmG0mfYPMQdpzcB94u8aL8Dq9Rd8d-jkcX-oq62J90ltmMzFMUIdRei1ycAMB2JG78ALyWOlOjtgIGoX0MW7izbEPso1N4hLy9s" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2552" data-original-width="2072" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEirf7wIHARx4U96zwlUkowKcc-w4rUOE8zSx0BQmeWmlDJ8jBc034_2-gRyGBaUdQ9DlCbRgHhP1souoqxTWn3DOsmG0mfYPMQdpzcB94u8aL8Dq9Rd8d-jkcX-oq62J90ltmMzFMUIdRei1ycAMB2JG78ALyWOlOjtgIGoX0MW7izbEPso1N4hLy9s" width="195" /></a></span></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><br />Special Collections and University Archives received a wonderful gift from Judith Fetterley, a first edition copy of <em style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333;">Silver Pitchers: and Independence, a Centennial Love Story</em><span style="color: #333333;"> by Louisa May Alcott published by Roberts Brothers in Boston, 1876.</span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: inherit; mso-spacerun: yes;"><span style="color: #333333;">Conservator Audrey Sage was able to put a plan into action to provide some repair and restoration to this wonderful book. Part of the original spine was missing and the original text block spine adhesive was failing leaving the text block at risk for damage and deterioration.</span> </span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: inherit; mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: inherit; mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiLB1-OQzXfs5Qvb1I97vj4Hdq6ZzSkyDTDq5cKKsW_Ac2_GEDMz1RzN8tw6fe4fZSu9U5LHMGH4gTh9R0rsz5Y4kXve1e4ENR-SqC4YaArUPVl6VdH3zsnzeNI-guhNLKeqXSZoo80Y1gsiKp7xDw0ttzFPfkLm-lyzKxzr-1laBMCL7I37_uIOMMW" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"></a><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiLB1-OQzXfs5Qvb1I97vj4Hdq6ZzSkyDTDq5cKKsW_Ac2_GEDMz1RzN8tw6fe4fZSu9U5LHMGH4gTh9R0rsz5Y4kXve1e4ENR-SqC4YaArUPVl6VdH3zsnzeNI-guhNLKeqXSZoo80Y1gsiKp7xDw0ttzFPfkLm-lyzKxzr-1laBMCL7I37_uIOMMW" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3064" data-original-width="2160" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiLB1-OQzXfs5Qvb1I97vj4Hdq6ZzSkyDTDq5cKKsW_Ac2_GEDMz1RzN8tw6fe4fZSu9U5LHMGH4gTh9R0rsz5Y4kXve1e4ENR-SqC4YaArUPVl6VdH3zsnzeNI-guhNLKeqXSZoo80Y1gsiKp7xDw0ttzFPfkLm-lyzKxzr-1laBMCL7I37_uIOMMW" width="169" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQTGvKjr3JgUAnophD_CFvc3jliddsSsWP0NblWGyL5dTnJ4R0j6_t2jgvChku8TdVw6YX_C2oR71iG0JJBbDkyxjMZORj46Rzwzd1vVR6IjDcIOHhT0F9GhkHrduRvCtTYj-O9lTyhA39onnB5tvXV97Fl1k-xOpktODWS2jeSZDS6FL6SW-xYmq5" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgQTGvKjr3JgUAnophD_CFvc3jliddsSsWP0NblWGyL5dTnJ4R0j6_t2jgvChku8TdVw6YX_C2oR71iG0JJBbDkyxjMZORj46Rzwzd1vVR6IjDcIOHhT0F9GhkHrduRvCtTYj-O9lTyhA39onnB5tvXV97Fl1k-xOpktODWS2jeSZDS6FL6SW-xYmq5" width="180" /></a></div></span></span></div><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-family: inherit; mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /><br /></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"> The<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>first step was to carefully remove the
remaining spine adhesive. This was able to be accessed due to the damage of the
cover cloth.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Once the old adhesive was
removed, I was able to apply a layer of new starch paste and a protective piece
of 18 gram Kozo Japanese paper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This creates
a strong and supportive layer for the textlbock signatures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The next action was to create a paper hollow
along the spine.</span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPxz-oXyyrz9YPO7DIci6OE2r2_fpw8Y60EpW8-wQl--WpZd0_n7qMFqyWcrTEU9n8KPL2fsNAo7dmBsl49SlKNRd8eBUmnlioTCOvv7pR9BsrmtOqu4vOFTTJuW8CFsqSyt4MTxtKkZjFfqH6fCbWotFSYnLJNjKuyP1QJ1eY2JwrzvKhdMRPGRsa" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPxz-oXyyrz9YPO7DIci6OE2r2_fpw8Y60EpW8-wQl--WpZd0_n7qMFqyWcrTEU9n8KPL2fsNAo7dmBsl49SlKNRd8eBUmnlioTCOvv7pR9BsrmtOqu4vOFTTJuW8CFsqSyt4MTxtKkZjFfqH6fCbWotFSYnLJNjKuyP1QJ1eY2JwrzvKhdMRPGRsa" width="180" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4XIzNBFaOSnnIcYJYfCxuXoTCtQd5KOfSiscY0X1LLL9IkDxC02XkRKq2qHTY5SYzUaXORLrY7v4_pkzvjaPkMnKd-fbYIaE0GyXmBuODiSKrvtjrW_s1vZL9HLip6_xnyD18vLfUjKUbH7wFhIu1hKqX70xcsl-FmFaotr1Uw_E6cTTXBMz96VmP" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg4XIzNBFaOSnnIcYJYfCxuXoTCtQd5KOfSiscY0X1LLL9IkDxC02XkRKq2qHTY5SYzUaXORLrY7v4_pkzvjaPkMnKd-fbYIaE0GyXmBuODiSKrvtjrW_s1vZL9HLip6_xnyD18vLfUjKUbH7wFhIu1hKqX70xcsl-FmFaotr1Uw_E6cTTXBMz96VmP" width="180" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEihY4uDibcWsK-Z4ey1Ua1UEu_h_xed5YBfv-RTUFtq-Mo8GF7vz0wekFmuRq96oXUjMfOxTE-kXMybk0NleZy1yFAVM2TVSYBs7UwJXFCgxUYhM_0JOlFFdy5inqVgZEADwp6R3CyfCpZC0HUMiUMtOCVc43_AgnQhXsS5mGr7ktspIUlvVAtwM3n2" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEihY4uDibcWsK-Z4ey1Ua1UEu_h_xed5YBfv-RTUFtq-Mo8GF7vz0wekFmuRq96oXUjMfOxTE-kXMybk0NleZy1yFAVM2TVSYBs7UwJXFCgxUYhM_0JOlFFdy5inqVgZEADwp6R3CyfCpZC0HUMiUMtOCVc43_AgnQhXsS5mGr7ktspIUlvVAtwM3n2" width="180" /></a></span></span></div></div></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><br /></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Sage was then able to carefully lift the original cloth from the cover boards
in order to insert a new spine substrate to recreate and reform the cloth
covering.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This piece is constructed through
the lamination of a layer of linen cloth and a toned piece of Moriki Japanese
paper.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaN2Km13rQBkfHW-x_JH65E2qLg-7baul70EG3zdl4Gtd3CN8YXgAUSqfK4-AebIZfeV2zzKaPkWBSg4f2UJiH83TWe19mDibKfsf_kzc0UIrCDVfZ-tyzcXyt3FqqQ8pH78VcDMduiCY-cBpAd0_lmD-XB53AR-nFOFH5mh_dMGhaNn6FDw63lU9V" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiaN2Km13rQBkfHW-x_JH65E2qLg-7baul70EG3zdl4Gtd3CN8YXgAUSqfK4-AebIZfeV2zzKaPkWBSg4f2UJiH83TWe19mDibKfsf_kzc0UIrCDVfZ-tyzcXyt3FqqQ8pH78VcDMduiCY-cBpAd0_lmD-XB53AR-nFOFH5mh_dMGhaNn6FDw63lU9V" width="180" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjuOsQhD3E-h75BFv-SmS4COvGTuYlUOUCB2DoZUyrF8PjVMTo2j373hlkv5PS6IxgBHyJBnMCRskjUpRrRZ-4RwBvGcM9ZCbR99lh9oclw_aA7sypyLQ_y6XnMl3UhwkNPP5pLamM2GJ6euT8AQL5wLnRwhw2cbnEy_KHgTmy2-OaIID2a8N6RKn2c" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjuOsQhD3E-h75BFv-SmS4COvGTuYlUOUCB2DoZUyrF8PjVMTo2j373hlkv5PS6IxgBHyJBnMCRskjUpRrRZ-4RwBvGcM9ZCbR99lh9oclw_aA7sypyLQ_y6XnMl3UhwkNPP5pLamM2GJ6euT8AQL5wLnRwhw2cbnEy_KHgTmy2-OaIID2a8N6RKn2c" width="180" /></a><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjK0mawdbWgwpu_Dz4Gg7dm27jf66dSg39U8ci8USaBA1Jb6gvZkgjFnfUDxQW0yc5bQ7iMN--FrwtzTD1T2UOrbJfVKoPJss4hs3sBWDop3eWCOQR8_THUzGAuV3L5Aivgq5v2Cm83g_eoYDjbThgQOwyjQUeIv1GxomzBT858cI85PdKIKeOqX8Ia" width="180" /></span></span></span></div></div></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj-nStLQxTfdoVA4mno1wSWSo32MDLz4n3oknjpc-4XcFYg0otsas7U1P7KQpAGxJnRd_WF4Z_bHJOUR6EboFWJlAPZI2k1PqW18rQI-ls8J1764PRW7fzMkWTwAHmQeY7Vdlmyf0LIw_SuLPHBKnZjnRTaMCnGgjaa9ZlraweYD_aWCG2kuWxwX263" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></span></span></span></div></div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">This new spine piece was inserted and formed around the book and then what
remained of the original spine was adhered to this piece.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"></span></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6wzQyp323vEXlYYC0Wx1BjTj9QMdBefQPu40Kj1qomZLffeBbYCy3jKH9jLW6RlBoLXn7gyAeWMaqeyqYy4MywcGAzYKx3htGzEZenRj5RuOVOQ2kaOrIW59nv0igDK0YkraBMrkAVXAfEOfcqcftqKlBfRTlfufESwFygF9YHxKxPFKfeMfqQaPP" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi6wzQyp323vEXlYYC0Wx1BjTj9QMdBefQPu40Kj1qomZLffeBbYCy3jKH9jLW6RlBoLXn7gyAeWMaqeyqYy4MywcGAzYKx3htGzEZenRj5RuOVOQ2kaOrIW59nv0igDK0YkraBMrkAVXAfEOfcqcftqKlBfRTlfufESwFygF9YHxKxPFKfeMfqQaPP" width="180" /></a><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiQJEyV23qy_GPRZHpeQsMpSlJdrk3J29sMSKykXs4McaTzGZ8UOyiVScfts_n16UHgZrl0fMjFZbsqSwvTTTRD4zjpJSsvNwQBZ6j5CpBk8U5XVnqdmjF3UrXej16a6XLvrjF6geZ6nbfnBgexio0Y8_6OPF3h5_Jva-PA-7-m5MiPcqzDukvNjRbS" width="180" /><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiV4R5E5xDgF8KoNf-5ZF1POyv8Iyn8-HQTGClftI6_Qf1eoqhVSwmasroiVjjyTGq9MCMyk21GXTCm1qmv7ZLMd8geeilTlYnezaHtze_xT3lp1Zo1xk5uRVpMbSMX62VoHwREv3Xo7fk2Pgh0OpIOD38QvSm_gfPEZecmRhKuSAajRIGonBcqzCna" width="180" /></span></span></span></div></div><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: black; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><br /></span></span></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="background: white; line-height: 18pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-outline-level: 1;"><span style="color: black; font-family: inherit; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-color-alt: windowtext; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;">Damaged corners were repaired, pages were surface cleaned, interior
hinges were mended, and finally the book is ready to be returned to the Special
Collections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It is now more secure and
easier to use and view with these archival mends in place.</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-font-kerning: 18.0pt; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;"><o:p></o:p></span></p>A Bookbinderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13435420945013975479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-44017529658297494472022-06-22T13:12:00.001-04:002022-06-22T13:12:48.714-04:00The Intriguing World of Lois Morrison - Book Artist<p> Lois Morrison, an artist specializing in cloth-wood
artifacts and quilts, was born of missionary parents on February 1, 1934 in
Zaire, once known as the Belgian Congo. Until she was 18, they travelled back
and forth between there and Richmond, Virginia. She completed her BA degree at
Mary Baldwin College, Staunton, Virginia. She went on to graduate work (1956-1963)
at Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana. In 1965, she took her MFA degree
from Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. She returned
to Mary Baldwin College as assistant Professor and taught there until she moved
to Leonia, New Jersey in 1970. Morrison has conducted workshops, shown her work
around the world and enjoys her travels to places near and far.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><o:p></o:p></p>
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College, 2011, teaching a book making course.</span></div></div><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Her imaginative, contemplative, whimsical books are held in
the collections of distinguished institutions such as Tate Gallery, London; The
Cooper-Hewitt Museum, New York; and The Museum of Modern Art, San Francisco,
Victoria and Albert Museum in London, the Getty Museum in Los Angeles,
California, Yale University Library and the Chicago Art Institute, among
others. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Morrison's work began with fabric, first with quilting then
fabric books. In the 1980’s, a fortuitous request from a friend to “make me a
book” led her on the journey to what has become a passion. She stated that “all
work dwindled for this”. Twice a year she finishes a fabric book, making two -
one for herself and one for sale. Later she began making paper books as a way
of making her work more accessible since she can make an edition of 25. For
these she uses a Gocco printer – a simple Japanese screen-based object that
makes either postcard-sized prints or exactly double that. Most of her
books have a movable three-dimensional aspect. She states that reading
was her earliest joy, so to make books with her own hands – working with text,
illustration, and form – is making her end game a joy – dreams made concrete.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /><!--[endif]--></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpgvRhpBO2xSHtdwDxRh6OB9tzJdPTCeB2NrR0v9bW_b_6Ueqkd-Obgqtmh09CkEjbg_LYJu3V25fEXBZSRODg8C-zR0hR2JuuCXD0G8ORjwzLWwFPN_0DmMYs90ImPtsCIm6eV0kGJk-CM3HKCbKzqijSwg75OXg915eId2P8zw2xoiWcW51kOurX/s4032/mechanical%20baby.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjpgvRhpBO2xSHtdwDxRh6OB9tzJdPTCeB2NrR0v9bW_b_6Ueqkd-Obgqtmh09CkEjbg_LYJu3V25fEXBZSRODg8C-zR0hR2JuuCXD0G8ORjwzLWwFPN_0DmMYs90ImPtsCIm6eV0kGJk-CM3HKCbKzqijSwg75OXg915eId2P8zw2xoiWcW51kOurX/w400-h300/mechanical%20baby.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlg9rYuLLKJWca6uOvFWFbDbZeBOIMvkugOHw5EvxpWyCburmAOZ-tx3oPNJa_hZFxH4shPsIvEwIv7-jupvxngffGNJYTU7FISkRtqtiO68MgEHQwsFHNcbl_NZ0vGk2vEi-DLVo0YDboiaBQMBKb1zxMbZ0sLywxHbRz3Qu9sTQxXkAeqdJ2n0to/s4032/mechanical%20baby%20interior.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlg9rYuLLKJWca6uOvFWFbDbZeBOIMvkugOHw5EvxpWyCburmAOZ-tx3oPNJa_hZFxH4shPsIvEwIv7-jupvxngffGNJYTU7FISkRtqtiO68MgEHQwsFHNcbl_NZ0vGk2vEi-DLVo0YDboiaBQMBKb1zxMbZ0sLywxHbRz3Qu9sTQxXkAeqdJ2n0to/w400-h300/mechanical%20baby%20interior.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Mechanical Baby, 2000 </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY77E9rOfYIwjgm0Y-vVxmB748ZoXhQmqbgmtCJkLQ27n9WscxcWC_wVE33yQs80FMOAzGzw1ezNS9JyT7w7fEhxfzvJM3Cbt6YUqunU7SE1qjocmtEewf1jjTmk0EgcTUfI-ZNYwAVaFgSba3wWbQwqMjXku3gMnhkFDzOFBZyNAGpL_yc_EGTeIJ/s1280/the%20caterpillar%20who%20is%20a%20corps%20du%20ballet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="1280" height="300" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgY77E9rOfYIwjgm0Y-vVxmB748ZoXhQmqbgmtCJkLQ27n9WscxcWC_wVE33yQs80FMOAzGzw1ezNS9JyT7w7fEhxfzvJM3Cbt6YUqunU7SE1qjocmtEewf1jjTmk0EgcTUfI-ZNYwAVaFgSba3wWbQwqMjXku3gMnhkFDzOFBZyNAGpL_yc_EGTeIJ/w400-h300/the%20caterpillar%20who%20is%20a%20corps%20du%20ballet.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyP4bwajLIJS6D6hUhjrkRMfGf2Gf8WSFZf-XXPo-BId4VlNwtzNiu0Con4ZvJ9O6J-eW6_wTd2sCt-zIIvuKKfqEdQGLgSno266fWkO1jTGmasw55TiJWGIIt7goPZMespMyBo-Ld4WlKPjhEkoYqD5Ix6nrnSJGRKeAfksWfUpg0eu7BzmkHGMup/s1352/the%20caterpillar%20who%20is%20a%20corps%20du%20ballet%20interior.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1352" data-original-width="1280" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyP4bwajLIJS6D6hUhjrkRMfGf2Gf8WSFZf-XXPo-BId4VlNwtzNiu0Con4ZvJ9O6J-eW6_wTd2sCt-zIIvuKKfqEdQGLgSno266fWkO1jTGmasw55TiJWGIIt7goPZMespMyBo-Ld4WlKPjhEkoYqD5Ix6nrnSJGRKeAfksWfUpg0eu7BzmkHGMup/w379-h400/the%20caterpillar%20who%20is%20a%20corps%20du%20ballet%20interior.jpg" width="379" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">The Caterpillar Who Is a Corps De
Ballet, 1994</span> </div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">These works pictured above are held in the collection of
Special Collections and University Archives, UNCG<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Lois Morrison has collaborated with Julie Chen and Flying
fish Press on many artistic creations. They have been friends for over
forty years, having met when Julie Chen was a teenager, dating Lois Morrison’s
son. Chen stated that she was introduced to the world of art when she met Lois
Morrison. Visiting her home and surrounded by the art Morrison both
created and housed as well as finding stacks of art magazines she was able to
peruse, was eye-opening and inspirational. <o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /><!--[endif]--></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizToL375Rt1AWkfchPNq4u79U-JkfyGxP4HjshkZmhFcCHLBd0jLMDaZNq65OyftRGSZeHkf6VyRpfD0ZR_hpYuUPRJpbfMEGZ0BSzlMVwQm5HWqjp6Pmx1WVpFDl5W8-EgFYCpvEnY7MhfMVjXDGmt7kqVc5edwhBXqQ7vYov0K42UXoLX5hUvb3h/s1027/Ostrich%20exterior.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1027" data-original-width="869" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizToL375Rt1AWkfchPNq4u79U-JkfyGxP4HjshkZmhFcCHLBd0jLMDaZNq65OyftRGSZeHkf6VyRpfD0ZR_hpYuUPRJpbfMEGZ0BSzlMVwQm5HWqjp6Pmx1WVpFDl5W8-EgFYCpvEnY7MhfMVjXDGmt7kqVc5edwhBXqQ7vYov0K42UXoLX5hUvb3h/w542-h640/Ostrich%20exterior.JPG" width="542" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLobYsvRQLvfkoTLob1ILJSBhIU6VlXcx_rP7OO0oA6xTn2Q9zWzdEReyJHU41i6LlfUckol0_U2oodo_IU_f1GvJ5BWpBmM6dygNXw3hl2MENAWaxVSkKLXeAWuO5-J-LjhMnsc9eGrFTjNG2Re9JhFh3zYToHMBGCoO2tXa2eBuGAuquMDmGj0c4/s997/Ostrich.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="774" data-original-width="997" height="310" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLobYsvRQLvfkoTLob1ILJSBhIU6VlXcx_rP7OO0oA6xTn2Q9zWzdEReyJHU41i6LlfUckol0_U2oodo_IU_f1GvJ5BWpBmM6dygNXw3hl2MENAWaxVSkKLXeAWuO5-J-LjhMnsc9eGrFTjNG2Re9JhFh3zYToHMBGCoO2tXa2eBuGAuquMDmGj0c4/w400-h310/Ostrich.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5RNAaOlqsmNweh5y4a2XY34Tlmj-y4UI9Et4w75i_BA9qZqOQCS1dq6yBC_BujuJvt_R_1IoiFNW0NQSAufowfADaVtW3V3cCMHha3JFX2-c8ypXrqZf7kZWu1sbhqrbLCd1cvMbraF_qGFQBEkMti-cXhJp-660xOL9cf4P-bzDFVAIdTYlnrXiQ/s1036/ste%20ostrich.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="690" data-original-width="1036" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5RNAaOlqsmNweh5y4a2XY34Tlmj-y4UI9Et4w75i_BA9qZqOQCS1dq6yBC_BujuJvt_R_1IoiFNW0NQSAufowfADaVtW3V3cCMHha3JFX2-c8ypXrqZf7kZWu1sbhqrbLCd1cvMbraF_qGFQBEkMti-cXhJp-660xOL9cf4P-bzDFVAIdTYlnrXiQ/w400-h266/ste%20ostrich.JPG" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">A Recuerdo for Ste. Ostrich, 2017.
- Lois Morrison and Julie Chen, held in the collection of </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Special Collections
and University Archives, UNCG</span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Their friendship and mutual respect for one another has led
to several beautiful, unique and fascinating collaborations, two of which
include Ste. Ostrich in Manhattan: The Visitations of a Martyr and this most
recent work - A Recuerdo for Ste. Ostrich. Published in 2017, 27 years after
the publication of Ste Ostrich in Manhattan, this book follows the fictional
character of Ste Ostrich to Mexico, where "she continues to bestow her
special blessing of sand on the bemused locals". Presented in the form of
a house-shaped altar, complete with a movable Ste. Ostrich and a drawer
containing miniature versions of her long-handled spoon and bucket of sand.
Letterpress printed using photopolymer plates made from pen and ink drawings by
Lois. The papers are handmade by Papeterie Saint-Armand in Montreal, Canada.
The box has a magnetic closure and is covered with custom-printed book cloth
designed by Lois.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Morrison has used the Artist Book Ideation Cards developed
by Julie Chen and Barbara Tetenbaum to initiate her creative thought process.
For example, using the cards, Morrison’s color card directed her to use her
‘favorite color.’ Yellow became the defining theme for the resulting book <i>Deep
in the Yellow Woods, </i>which contained characters from other Morrison works,
but she says she did introduce a new character - the yellow dog. She then
printed the book on three different shades of yellow paper with imagery of her
yellow goat, featured in previous works and inspired by an old comic strip,
'The yellow kid.’<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /><!--[endif]--></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGkCHMFWP9iKlTU5wHbWRKF6ZwIMEn843x75k7zEIo4usNHx1NB5naCPjt6gKp_LuawU1HAgJELyiLM2IndF7O2ZDne3RuparPYp3NzYLEc_eaut8ND5JlW-iR09mfjwgf1qZN7VurLQLyvTUscIdAsSAVuDBJqaqZWpWKEfHEgbpKOqqYHJIMqjR7/s1280/deep%20in%20the%20yellow%20wood.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="834" data-original-width="1280" height="418" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGkCHMFWP9iKlTU5wHbWRKF6ZwIMEn843x75k7zEIo4usNHx1NB5naCPjt6gKp_LuawU1HAgJELyiLM2IndF7O2ZDne3RuparPYp3NzYLEc_eaut8ND5JlW-iR09mfjwgf1qZN7VurLQLyvTUscIdAsSAVuDBJqaqZWpWKEfHEgbpKOqqYHJIMqjR7/w640-h418/deep%20in%20the%20yellow%20wood.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Deep in the Yellow Woods, 2015.</span></div><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Morrison works in fabric and paper, but she also makes use
of and is inspired by all sorts of objects she has found and salvaged which
make delightful or sometimes foreboding appearances in her work—broken dolls,
turkey feet discovered at a street market in Mexico, x-rays, small rocks, dead
insects, pieces of metal, and, of course, bones. Morrison’s works are amusing,
delightful, thought-provoking, and always highly engaging.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Each time I encounter work by Lois Morrison, I gratefully
stop whatever I am doing, to sit and become immersed in the thoughts and
creative vision she is conveying in the piece. I recently discovered the
wonderful work in our collection - <i>Spring in the Cabin</i>. I opened the
small box, and lifted out the handmade book, and in doing so, quite a number
and variety of replicated dead insects fell onto the table. I couldn't help but
laugh out loud. This work speaks of the discovery each year of the tiny
carcasses found on windowsills and floors, the furtive and trapped little lives
that succumbed to death. In the final thoughts of the book, the artist
expressed her gratitude for these creatures as they provided her with something
to draw.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><br /><!--[endif]--></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZH1VF7J1RBuFwxJcnZdQdIFrQQJIzwr2IcxBQb0SdoNgyEHHDWmxBe-pud-wILdM3cq4zyRWKnt5W4PL6bt-8-tqLzIt7wN2X5vtTRTuHHEkJnqn2TTkFkuyti9LFL8kPoj__99IRqMbr2BbEN5tkY2LGfL2lR1DT9jfrgAn-IRTTf1E7bRIkoufZ/s4032/summer%20cabin.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZH1VF7J1RBuFwxJcnZdQdIFrQQJIzwr2IcxBQb0SdoNgyEHHDWmxBe-pud-wILdM3cq4zyRWKnt5W4PL6bt-8-tqLzIt7wN2X5vtTRTuHHEkJnqn2TTkFkuyti9LFL8kPoj__99IRqMbr2BbEN5tkY2LGfL2lR1DT9jfrgAn-IRTTf1E7bRIkoufZ/w640-h480/summer%20cabin.jpg" width="640" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Spring in the Cabin, 1993, held in
the collection of Special Collections and University Archives, UNCG </span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;"><br /></span></div><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[endif]--></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwFVhothR-YTQnk-6-QKBCP6FrtCbZ-JCi74zI2XS42R4ttQuAQcrYRM0V9OaTbf_xreM6nAGHiWjDut6gSsSG_ny8MTkWHUoGA6O2r0_lA02V8an4Q38_GBk5QeOJBfbNyKoPnK8zLFkagAvmCyb1tLKZXqKhGhRYUccPWxqboAIYxk0LDWikkXUR/s4032/IMG_0281%20(1).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwFVhothR-YTQnk-6-QKBCP6FrtCbZ-JCi74zI2XS42R4ttQuAQcrYRM0V9OaTbf_xreM6nAGHiWjDut6gSsSG_ny8MTkWHUoGA6O2r0_lA02V8an4Q38_GBk5QeOJBfbNyKoPnK8zLFkagAvmCyb1tLKZXqKhGhRYUccPWxqboAIYxk0LDWikkXUR/w480-h640/IMG_0281%20(1).JPG" width="480" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Fish: Whales are Not Fish, 1987,
held in the collection of Special Collections and University Archives, UNCG</span> </div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><br /></div><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><!--[endif]--></span><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0SQEqJpOAw1hK8runUQX6_zwxukHQQHAjh-Kgm_f_WUCA5R6HSIwPkmBGnKo-pLhKIRjXR4QRblnsV3lVkdean6h8nAqGnU_oREB_Jvv1xjrb8DGuqpot8vf4_Sqya7bATbfxpTTL7V9uVBD-QhMCgKs9GgkSfZZXkzkiA5RuMqa5Xuf7rLdU6rB0/s3467/turkeytrot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="3467" data-original-width="3010" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0SQEqJpOAw1hK8runUQX6_zwxukHQQHAjh-Kgm_f_WUCA5R6HSIwPkmBGnKo-pLhKIRjXR4QRblnsV3lVkdean6h8nAqGnU_oREB_Jvv1xjrb8DGuqpot8vf4_Sqya7bATbfxpTTL7V9uVBD-QhMCgKs9GgkSfZZXkzkiA5RuMqa5Xuf7rLdU6rB0/w556-h640/turkeytrot.jpg" width="556" /></a></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Turkey Trot, 2007, held in the
collection of Special Collections and University Archives, UNCG</span></div><o:p></o:p><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">There are so many wonderful pieces Lois Morrison has
created. UNCG is fortunate to have quite a number in our collections and too
many to focus upon for this short article, but I hope that if you have not
encountered her work before, you may be inspired to discover more about her by
my introduction.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal">-Audrey Sage</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>A Bookbinderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13435420945013975479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-125565987040820302022-03-01T13:42:00.000-05:002022-03-01T13:42:38.011-05:00Wee Things in the Special Collections and University Archives and How to Contain them.<p> </p><p class="MsoNormal">The Special Collections and University Archives continues to
build their collections, strategically investing and acquiring significant,
unique and interesting items.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>These
collections further the interest of the University as scholars, researchers and
patrons seek discoverable information that furthers their knowledge and
understanding of both the past and the future.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>Occasionally, items acquired are in sizes that are less common.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>We have recently acquired several very small
items that presented us with an opportunity to construct thoughtful and
intentional enclosures.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Many times,
smaller items require a larger enclosure so it may claim it’s space on the
shelf, and not be overshadowed or overwhelmed by its neighbors. <o:p></o:p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg9no6Ig1XgJWu0n1jz7VA4lRE7tCZX1vU-6OXU4Tr75vvomErU2cWeYDUJorsZa1PAWgqRrWwU_De-FQgQy6A5BUBDC99NQpYavaYKsBLK6kIoW0vTi5n9mJ9kSfz1kK9bZuYooL9RJVgycmEWPKd1XajTsW1smUDmeSU2o8pZaNwHTSrd1qx8WzAe" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2829" data-original-width="2931" height="305" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg9no6Ig1XgJWu0n1jz7VA4lRE7tCZX1vU-6OXU4Tr75vvomErU2cWeYDUJorsZa1PAWgqRrWwU_De-FQgQy6A5BUBDC99NQpYavaYKsBLK6kIoW0vTi5n9mJ9kSfz1kK9bZuYooL9RJVgycmEWPKd1XajTsW1smUDmeSU2o8pZaNwHTSrd1qx8WzAe=w316-h305" width="316" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I selected an
interesting artist book titled “Trains” by Kathy and Gary Miller of Iron Bear
Press to create a unique enclosure. The book measures 2.875” x 1.75” x .25”,
that includes its own <span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">paper slipcover that is imprinted with images of railway lines</span>.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>It has beautiful polaroid photo transfers and
is constructed in an accordion style format. The story speaks of memories of
watching trains, counting cars and pressing pennies on the tracks, which
resonated with me, as this is a very fond memory of my own, when visiting my
grandmother’s house when I was young.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I
designed a special clamshell enclosure for this small volume.<span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I created a drawer, into which the book can
rest and remain secure, until it is retrieved for viewing. The overall
dimensions of the enclosure are 6” x 9” x 1”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOhTvFqkw9jA3E4_x4aL6BskZTvRCPd1MiKcPlpgwM4EoQcVuzg4yKEGweD61A3xtT_Go3KWezhX0Tpja-o_UWLVJqhTbVt23sC4T3t5nw1L8iZyYOHs6bb0N1SmhHeeSjoBGalUnaWJS-e_wh7YVYv8iSAWV5bisc4JY3FNVmmlhj6vHQJxv8lzA8" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1877" data-original-width="4032" height="207" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgOhTvFqkw9jA3E4_x4aL6BskZTvRCPd1MiKcPlpgwM4EoQcVuzg4yKEGweD61A3xtT_Go3KWezhX0Tpja-o_UWLVJqhTbVt23sC4T3t5nw1L8iZyYOHs6bb0N1SmhHeeSjoBGalUnaWJS-e_wh7YVYv8iSAWV5bisc4JY3FNVmmlhj6vHQJxv8lzA8=w445-h207" width="445" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhGWodVJ7Pq-8j58c1z-azBqrVc12ubg6QJ22xXbRzmxxvGuPxMsjqGlIbr-tPAZD64Xd8IkyGh_Tcb7nHsBnFPvPq7YrMz4Ejvq0jwBPE5tc5vwLccUzRXsKiQ9mOq3M17pIEZ5vFAiZyNvSeNh2VNvXHy8WJqaFxkSZvR-5noZX0LfoaRXoa4QztE" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3786" data-original-width="3008" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhGWodVJ7Pq-8j58c1z-azBqrVc12ubg6QJ22xXbRzmxxvGuPxMsjqGlIbr-tPAZD64Xd8IkyGh_Tcb7nHsBnFPvPq7YrMz4Ejvq0jwBPE5tc5vwLccUzRXsKiQ9mOq3M17pIEZ5vFAiZyNvSeNh2VNvXHy8WJqaFxkSZvR-5noZX0LfoaRXoa4QztE=w241-h240" width="241" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVNVobIZjjJkCmSc0YX9uj4CrTy7M8TxUuJaUgip2lBK-9eb9QIwJkH3N64h4FOEO7k8ge-_MC6GDbTfncjohj6BgTFD1Q34AcHF7vvRA0tpCrZq0Dlu4iedAmp_jB7mlTm7nmHVN31dP77YM0NvMm_izX7ClJPwh1aKAWuP9mzJhlF2yqMEd-8cgU" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3024" data-original-width="4032" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgVNVobIZjjJkCmSc0YX9uj4CrTy7M8TxUuJaUgip2lBK-9eb9QIwJkH3N64h4FOEO7k8ge-_MC6GDbTfncjohj6BgTFD1Q34AcHF7vvRA0tpCrZq0Dlu4iedAmp_jB7mlTm7nmHVN31dP77YM0NvMm_izX7ClJPwh1aKAWuP9mzJhlF2yqMEd-8cgU" width="320" /></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Our manuscripts archivist, Stacey Krim, discovered an oversized
match book while recently processing <span style="background: white; color: #222222;">the Marjorie "Marge" Burns Papers</span>. The question was
raised regarding the safety of storing a potentially combustible item within a
collection.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>While researching options
and opinions, she discovered one solution that was implemented at Smithsonian
Institute Archives whereby a sink mat was created to surround the matchbook and
enclosed with mylar.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I decided to create
a similar enclosure.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>By utilizing the
mylar, any potential friction would be minimized, thus limiting combustion of
the match heads, although there is the theory that in many cases, match books
of this age </span>are most likely inert.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">
</span>This item will be stored in a file, so I created a two-sided mat,
wherein both sides of the match book are visible. On one side of the
construction, the Mylar is tucked under the corrugated board, allowing it to be
lifted, if there is need to temporarily remove the match book.<o:p></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghTa2O2SrX3ZePUWrXX_p6ewf0yGAexGpd51apwZsT3RRGz_WsP3AL96IjZVsdn0MGQTPlK83EIVj58FKAZIOqjlKJpWpYgYzkAFSOuQEUQcaYD6G9Nsg6pVK3zZ4lKK0u7CP9E63NWul7ZQqO2jurr9ldZGWJkLnrzMCiiBIrAkLEXHbNgE0ycUXI" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="4032" data-original-width="3024" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEghTa2O2SrX3ZePUWrXX_p6ewf0yGAexGpd51apwZsT3RRGz_WsP3AL96IjZVsdn0MGQTPlK83EIVj58FKAZIOqjlKJpWpYgYzkAFSOuQEUQcaYD6G9Nsg6pVK3zZ4lKK0u7CP9E63NWul7ZQqO2jurr9ldZGWJkLnrzMCiiBIrAkLEXHbNgE0ycUXI" width="180" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjO7ZvIjsTjp8XdUx2lcpWLPG0uM6gqUd56frpyWXc86RA9FVz6jtc0y8t1eT2y9pINyMz1nia-rosZMciI3XThU2_edg6xk5ozba4vTRDBF6-O0Aal2iyzHH6rvvUpEugoFHnnTRXvGLy226rdMouJ31IoFrHPOE15D3KYr1_OtPsn0waRLwJeSlLU" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2689" data-original-width="2565" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjO7ZvIjsTjp8XdUx2lcpWLPG0uM6gqUd56frpyWXc86RA9FVz6jtc0y8t1eT2y9pINyMz1nia-rosZMciI3XThU2_edg6xk5ozba4vTRDBF6-O0Aal2iyzHH6rvvUpEugoFHnnTRXvGLy226rdMouJ31IoFrHPOE15D3KYr1_OtPsn0waRLwJeSlLU" width="229" /></a></div><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEis-DBZds-dy0BcjPj62amhtibStZa5stD0S0bYw3rwh5ITZsfdM-vkeuq_lBHAEE2T4Yh8Pe9nDFctjof7muqDNdRr-gUT2rOpPCAxofAcXnAZCBGPCjyAbwkzMR9PHdntiZ1dbtkzNkuRHOKv12WXTo8-9BlUthYSAIUd9AP8Aq3QYQkPp16GSkag" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2635" data-original-width="2736" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEis-DBZds-dy0BcjPj62amhtibStZa5stD0S0bYw3rwh5ITZsfdM-vkeuq_lBHAEE2T4Yh8Pe9nDFctjof7muqDNdRr-gUT2rOpPCAxofAcXnAZCBGPCjyAbwkzMR9PHdntiZ1dbtkzNkuRHOKv12WXTo8-9BlUthYSAIUd9AP8Aq3QYQkPp16GSkag" width="249" /></a></div><div><br /></div><div><br /></div>Beth Ann Koelsch, curator for the Women Veterans Historical
Project, was thrilled to acquire the 1943 diary of Charlotte E. Ward, of
Delaware, Indiana. Ms. Ward served with the United States Army Women's Army Auxiliary
Corps (WAAC) and then the Women's Army Corps (WAC) from 1943-1945. This small
diary measures a little over 4” x 3” with a handy spot to store a small
pencil.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I designed an oversized
enclosure, through consultation with the curator, so it would measure 8” x 11”,
a substantial size in order to happily rest between its collection mates on the
shelf. The diary rests in a custom fit recess with a board overlay to hold it
in place.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>This recess can be lifted to
allow easy access for retrieval of the diary.<o:p></o:p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjbHD1kkltjrLDNtUFjFxZcKvHecmtt18Qabvu2a5UyMWy81e07nnE913kQYYRdxiOaJ4F0nYBP-dQCq9O1jXRJEf-UoLChqKN4yQunmr8jDQ4A9xHLYYZvgR2-5I6FmNkV_mv__zN5QWLYJ0ZqQPN5K_MCwxyytGYgEyuDCyOPBtzGCQZey52eMCCP" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3353" data-original-width="3024" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjbHD1kkltjrLDNtUFjFxZcKvHecmtt18Qabvu2a5UyMWy81e07nnE913kQYYRdxiOaJ4F0nYBP-dQCq9O1jXRJEf-UoLChqKN4yQunmr8jDQ4A9xHLYYZvgR2-5I6FmNkV_mv__zN5QWLYJ0ZqQPN5K_MCwxyytGYgEyuDCyOPBtzGCQZey52eMCCP=w256-h284" width="256" /></a></div><p class="MsoNormal"></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgcsMArITn6WxmDk4xWhbBTm8-i7akngUaRlu7lXSMSKlW_ATcRI1rmhD3j6szjv2c2IJgy5a4Kcnjez8FhMnx6dyT_BAhYkLEQq54K1ahpQLCptG7rNcMwque6DyeGxiVuE8_4EMRK72lvpctx-5yW0ApOZ2kmOjRBrEPDsfpQla742NyyLyOoGO4J" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="2722" data-original-width="3925" height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgcsMArITn6WxmDk4xWhbBTm8-i7akngUaRlu7lXSMSKlW_ATcRI1rmhD3j6szjv2c2IJgy5a4Kcnjez8FhMnx6dyT_BAhYkLEQq54K1ahpQLCptG7rNcMwque6DyeGxiVuE8_4EMRK72lvpctx-5yW0ApOZ2kmOjRBrEPDsfpQla742NyyLyOoGO4J" width="320" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIMG_DhPt-x_PoU5mEZh3R8Ti7_TJ6EXbTn0Hg-HG3DNVbIERyLmmMPPNB9oBb42wltpYsW2sW325tn7seC8y-thlT9kJTJLdZixhSJuQPevYLJ5nj7V2cI90o7hmKwR8l2EIVnQsMCh0X0WlqpUr83jPtKpTAXMWw1kxfODA1SNTccs61QlSnrE39" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="3560" data-original-width="2955" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjIMG_DhPt-x_PoU5mEZh3R8Ti7_TJ6EXbTn0Hg-HG3DNVbIERyLmmMPPNB9oBb42wltpYsW2sW325tn7seC8y-thlT9kJTJLdZixhSJuQPevYLJ5nj7V2cI90o7hmKwR8l2EIVnQsMCh0X0WlqpUr83jPtKpTAXMWw1kxfODA1SNTccs61QlSnrE39" width="199" /></a></div>It is always delightful to view and enjoy the various
treasures from the SCUA collections.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Preserving
and caring for these is gratifying knowing these endeavors will serve those far
into the future.<br /><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><br /><o:p></o:p><p></p>A Bookbinderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13435420945013975479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-4839071369965225072021-10-01T07:34:00.001-04:002021-10-01T07:34:32.814-04:00Washing and Lining a 19th Century Broadside<p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> The <a href="https://uncg.as.atlas-sys.com/repositories/2/resources/454" target="_blank">Robert C. Hansen Performing Arts Collection</a> contains programs, heralds, guidebooks, periodicals, playbooks, sheet music, songbooks, correspondence, autographs, original costume designs, scenery designs, posters, photographs, scrapbooks, and other visual materials and memorabilia. Each of these items help document the history of the performing arts, mainly theatre, in many countries though mainly in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. Items date from 100 to 2012, with the bulk of the items dating to the 19th and 20th centuries. The collection is named for Dr. Bob Hansen, an Associate Dean of the College of Arts and Sciences and Professor of Theatre at UNCG, who has generously donated the entire collection (and continues to donate additions).</span></span></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"></span></span></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX5CsHsG-4WjdnNYTZLmjzEa5SjCkMrIbB7jzbaJqP8OawRSImTS-Ds26OTrMEqXjcoOXD2xImvkoZg0zTQXEQfqzsbRcqb1xNwYfCeAxjR-W5Yvj0CLCJQTmB3D95j11Oc8bSyXMzTrfJ/s2048/broadside+before.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1445" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX5CsHsG-4WjdnNYTZLmjzEa5SjCkMrIbB7jzbaJqP8OawRSImTS-Ds26OTrMEqXjcoOXD2xImvkoZg0zTQXEQfqzsbRcqb1xNwYfCeAxjR-W5Yvj0CLCJQTmB3D95j11Oc8bSyXMzTrfJ/w453-h640/broadside+before.JPG" width="453" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">19th century broadside advertisement of <br /><i>Caius Gracchus</i>, a tragedy by J. S. Knowles</span></span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> This broadside from the Hansen Performing Arts Collection advertises a 19th century theatre production entitled <i>Caius Gracchus</i>, a tragedy written by James Sheridan Knowles, that was performed around 1823 at the New Theatre Royal on Drury-Lane in London. The broadside arrived in Preservation Services to be stabilized and to have a protective enclosure created for it. It was discolored due to age, impurities in the paper, and environmental exposure. One corner was detached and the edges had small tears, losses, or folds.<br /></span></span><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAPElXy009BIONlp5gmZn8Rm9pIEogzB3PaGxtPucEWNDM4uWaPJQS6O1RhrEm2mKkXv7WJkix2JZqWVdxvyVMjQOR-uMqLPIBoahx7i6nmwObKnumOaSoh286KRaVAgFgT2Xb0G0Jzl4K/s732/before+with+damage.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="495" data-original-width="732" height="270" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAPElXy009BIONlp5gmZn8Rm9pIEogzB3PaGxtPucEWNDM4uWaPJQS6O1RhrEm2mKkXv7WJkix2JZqWVdxvyVMjQOR-uMqLPIBoahx7i6nmwObKnumOaSoh286KRaVAgFgT2Xb0G0Jzl4K/w400-h270/before+with+damage.JPG" width="400" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Detail images of the broadside prior to treatment<br /></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"></span></span></div><p><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> Due to the discoloration, the broadside was washed. (We wrote about washing documents in an earlier post. Click <a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2018/05/aqueous-treatment-paper-tape-removal.html">HERE</a> if you want to read more about that process.) The first step of the process was to ensure the ink was not soluble in water. It was tested by adding a very small drop of water, allowing it to absorb for a few seconds, and then blotting it dry. If any ink transfers to the blotter, the ink is likely soluble in water and washing the broadside would be a bad idea. However, this test proved the ink was stable. </span></span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDImVuLeT0qkNHm3g1bvJC6dD9YwDTnQ7-Z6nU_ZBQq7SLld6asr2dhnf_ZUxAKbT8uYenTHYlcmNC6mTgsg-O825NvzoD9CGCDCgXvg0LXHehHCGo4X5OSZ59MuzGYf7CvvOevigputU9/s2048/IMG_6292.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1851" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiDImVuLeT0qkNHm3g1bvJC6dD9YwDTnQ7-Z6nU_ZBQq7SLld6asr2dhnf_ZUxAKbT8uYenTHYlcmNC6mTgsg-O825NvzoD9CGCDCgXvg0LXHehHCGo4X5OSZ59MuzGYf7CvvOevigputU9/s320/IMG_6292.JPG" width="289" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Testing the ink to ensure it is not soluble in water. <br />Note the drop of water on the "A" in the center.<br /></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> The broadside was sandwiched between two layers of Reemay, a spun polyester fabric that can be used to support documents during the washing process. It makes it easier to handle the wet document. The broadside was submerged in water in a large, flat tray. The water was exchanged several times until it was mostly clear after soaking the document. This process helps to reduce discoloration and also serves to strengthen the paper as it removes some of the impurities and rehydrates the paper fibers.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS_d2Etp48EQUbeVb9y7XOkirB-QZFBWGV4kxkFIvelHRJAwPNAVZAYuT0SMyuFg98lCIL18g59GZNJTP57dVwLfbkHwhx3SER23c9jAxBYhHc479ga4ze0DuJAwHlbNaF2YtZKN4WD2l0/s2048/IMG_6296.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1589" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiS_d2Etp48EQUbeVb9y7XOkirB-QZFBWGV4kxkFIvelHRJAwPNAVZAYuT0SMyuFg98lCIL18g59GZNJTP57dVwLfbkHwhx3SER23c9jAxBYhHc479ga4ze0DuJAwHlbNaF2YtZKN4WD2l0/w496-h640/IMG_6296.JPG" width="496" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small;">Broadside as it is being washed</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /> The paper was relatively thin, so an overall lining of Japanese paper was attached to the back to provide extra support as well as to fill in the losses at the edges. (Unfortunately, there are no pictures of this phase of the project.) While the broadside was still damp, it was laid face down on a piece of Mylar, which helps keep it flat with surface tension. The crumpled edges were flattened out and the detached corner was laid in its original place. A slightly oversized piece of Japanese paper, close in tone to the original broadside, was pasted out with rice starch paste. The broadside, while being supported with Mylar, was then laid down on the Japanese paper. The Mylar was removed and the broadside and Japanese paper were sandwiched between dry Reemay. This allowed for gently burnishing the back of the Japanese paper lining to ensure it had good contact with the broadside.<br /><br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6XfL9LAfd8v1SiHKxmnvCA6LdK075AGph41NhOzSyyotL_8N-jP5XqlW6T3JwhZ_VrMN2LBlAuRazKNGlVkLD6Ohz2diniDKkFe4B5lw4xo8VSpKZeY6pZpv4qR90jQhAYU7UzL-cn6CK/s683/before+and+after+of+broadside.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="683" height="438" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6XfL9LAfd8v1SiHKxmnvCA6LdK075AGph41NhOzSyyotL_8N-jP5XqlW6T3JwhZ_VrMN2LBlAuRazKNGlVkLD6Ohz2diniDKkFe4B5lw4xo8VSpKZeY6pZpv4qR90jQhAYU7UzL-cn6CK/w640-h438/before+and+after+of+broadside.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Before and after treatment<br /></td></tr></tbody></table> Once burnished, the lined broadside in its Reemay layers, was placed between cotton blotters to dry. It was restraint dried--placed under a board with heavy weights--to prevent warping. Once it was completely dry the following day, the excess Japanese paper was trimmed away. The broadside was placed in a Mylar sleeve and a portfolio enclosure was created for storage and protection. The portfolio provides the support needed to more easily handle the broadside as it is pulled for researchers or classes that visit the Robert C. Hansen Performing Arts Collection at <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives</a>.<br /><br /></span></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcdUt1OgAfnCqCh8a-8EIk7klK8n7-YNNPp9DA1HpzYd4Vkr4KwSAPh2w_WaFfoDoLfNEgaDmNSgujgoqufEeNxiIR8SjT2i376FlselEQXxUepeyqDdLULvnpQOkC1tNYdNDlIRodAGFT/s660/portfolio.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="461" data-original-width="660" height="448" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcdUt1OgAfnCqCh8a-8EIk7klK8n7-YNNPp9DA1HpzYd4Vkr4KwSAPh2w_WaFfoDoLfNEgaDmNSgujgoqufEeNxiIR8SjT2i376FlselEQXxUepeyqDdLULvnpQOkC1tNYdNDlIRodAGFT/w640-h448/portfolio.JPG" width="640" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The broadside in its portfolio enclosure<br /></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-size: medium;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /><br /><br /></span></span><br /><p></p><p></p>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-4957825672545017372021-09-01T09:00:00.043-04:002021-09-01T09:00:00.201-04:00Preserving the Ephemeral: Issues in Music Conservation<div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVZ_s9nEkpdQZo4Xk-hO8wz_Aqzf699GH1vyctsvFlbEPDw9U5bppqiu8SAFhYZEALiA6ME6KDmJufboMFfulytqzdO3Saw_3eA7LQZOid1h3BfpKN08Hb-R6bg2e-xi0pEc0J7KMRgTqj/s937/paper+as+storyteller.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="627" data-original-width="937" height="429" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVZ_s9nEkpdQZo4Xk-hO8wz_Aqzf699GH1vyctsvFlbEPDw9U5bppqiu8SAFhYZEALiA6ME6KDmJufboMFfulytqzdO3Saw_3eA7LQZOid1h3BfpKN08Hb-R6bg2e-xi0pEc0J7KMRgTqj/w640-h429/paper+as+storyteller.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: right;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Image: Oberholster Venita on Pixabay</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><div>Aside from the text or images that might be written, printed, or drawn on a piece of paper, there can be much more to the historical narrative paper can convey. For example, in the image above, my text is superimposed on the image but otherwise there is no text there. Yet, what do I know about how this piece of paper was used? As you can likely guess, at least the two rings in the upper left corner indicate the person using this paper was likely a coffee drinker. The other drops would need to be tested, but they appear to be ink. It may be difficult to detect in this image, but there is a vertical and horizontal crease line in the page that indicates the paper has been folded. The additional facts related to the paper’s use may or may not become important to a future researcher, but removing this evidence through conservation treatment would deny the researcher an opportunity to consider them at all. </div></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">The conservator may not always know which aspects of damage to an item are important parts of its narrative, the story of how it was used, for the researcher. For this reason, the curator of a collection and the conservator must collaborate in treatment decisions. "Factors involved in the decision-making process for Special Collections include but are not limited to the department’s collection development policy and resulting priorities, internal budget and staffing, high researcher demand, special funding from donors or grants, physical considerations such as format, storage problems, fragility, and administrative decisions based on external university relationships. It should also be noted that many of these areas overlap and some treatment decisions are governed by multiple criteria.” (Seo & Zanish-Belcher, 2006) This collaborative relationship happens behind the scenes in special collections and archives but is integral to a patron’s experience of an artifact. The curator’s insight into research value and future use is critical to the decision making process of the conservator. For example, if a military uniform has a hole in it and blood stains, to remove the stains and mend the hole would deny a researcher the crucial information that the uniform’s owner was at least wounded if not killed while wearing the uniform. As a conservator, I am not always qualified to make those decisions, so I rely on our curators and archivists to consult about any treatments. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit2RfQ6ClhcQfA3CS0_kFVKwg1FvqnE46dMrGx2okwrlDLP3UzzJQnOs_LYOu1W9ONiIFRP6XidGcBY9vkiRQZvwnidd94WNCSIgi2PY9vLg38ft25m7PcrUkjKaXsjbyH7zo05ZhJ9656/s921/maurice+eisenberg.JPG" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="632" data-original-width="921" height="440" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEit2RfQ6ClhcQfA3CS0_kFVKwg1FvqnE46dMrGx2okwrlDLP3UzzJQnOs_LYOu1W9ONiIFRP6XidGcBY9vkiRQZvwnidd94WNCSIgi2PY9vLg38ft25m7PcrUkjKaXsjbyH7zo05ZhJ9656/w640-h440/maurice+eisenberg.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Image: Performer's notations on a music score. Courtesy of Stacey Krim and Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections & University Archives. </span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Stacey Krim, Curator of Manuscripts at Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections & University Archives, wrote “Music, like all of the performing arts, is ephemeral in nature. You can never hear how a piece of music sounds when it originates in the composer’s mind. Musical notation, especially prior to audio recording, is the best system we have for historically documenting sound. The standardized body of symbols is like a language, informing the person who can read it with a wealth of information such as how fast or slow, or how low or high a sound is… But, there is another creative layer to this piece of sheet music, and that is the annotations of the performer. Unless you are physically present for a performance, you will never really grasp the powerful, but momentary shared experience of how a performer intellectually, emotionally, and physically interprets and communicates a particular composer’s work to an audience.” </span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg938NET1xVKVrrVVQI4U4c6a6l3-yfwGO8lAzPLR4MmdrW76Kw-9Wro0ZNmLSla6IhevL6HgFPXhqguoFmU0QFMSZzqFhxgW3dC9xTEgeO9KO7Yq8soKgXUOfvFlm_37m0huURVBsjbA2R/s2048/pageturn_Greenhouse.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1681" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg938NET1xVKVrrVVQI4U4c6a6l3-yfwGO8lAzPLR4MmdrW76Kw-9Wro0ZNmLSla6IhevL6HgFPXhqguoFmU0QFMSZzqFhxgW3dC9xTEgeO9KO7Yq8soKgXUOfvFlm_37m0huURVBsjbA2R/w329-h400/pageturn_Greenhouse.jpg" width="329" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Image: From SCUA's Bernard Greenhouse collection. <br />A score can demonstrate how often it was played.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">This is precisely why it is critical that the conservator and curator talk through a prospective treatment before it is performed. It is helpful for the conservator to know how the piece will be used in the future. Will it be displayed in an exhibition, handled as part of a class presentation, studied by a researcher, or is it likely to be used very little? As a conservator, my considerations are how much time I should invest, whether the item is a priority for treatment, its research value, and how much stabilization it may need. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Primary resources, like these music scores, can be duplicated or digitized to enhance access to the items, but it is impossible to fully replicate the experience of studying an artifact in person - a fact that has been discussed regularly over the course of the last year as many archives have been closed or providing only virtual services due to COVID-19. The materiality of the object becomes part of its story. Paper can serve as evidence for how it is used and, in this case, as a witness to the life of the musician using it. Part of the paper’s purpose is activating history as it tells a broader story than just which notes to play. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivRLWQb_VALw7UNljlELj-hlptyJ5fVwjZ18pyG-wCSclsiXOB_9bvox5xJG7FCMBRT4YN3mMTyoytWvbPbBYrH5pyyK1psz8hT3FgKm0YpiGzfOuXvmNig2dsHTQPkHNrrk9ZN-AV2Lex/s598/wax+drip+on+score.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="597" data-original-width="598" height="319" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivRLWQb_VALw7UNljlELj-hlptyJ5fVwjZ18pyG-wCSclsiXOB_9bvox5xJG7FCMBRT4YN3mMTyoytWvbPbBYrH5pyyK1psz8hT3FgKm0YpiGzfOuXvmNig2dsHTQPkHNrrk9ZN-AV2Lex/w320-h319/wax+drip+on+score.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Image: Candle wax on a music score. What <br />might this tell you about the musician using it?</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Krim explains, “When a musician is performing from sheet music, there are two critical elements required. The first is that the pages must be flat enough for the musician to easily read, so that any breeze caused by the musician’s movement does not blow over a page. The second is that the musician must be able to easily turn the page, sometimes very quickly, as you have to stop playing your instrument to make a turn.” Often sheet music can be loose leaves of paper, but in many cases we must treat bound copies of scores. If the spine of a bound score is damaged, and it is going to be used for research or a class, then the spine may continue to decompose or crumble. It is important that any treatment performed does not interfere with or impede the function of the object - such as a score that must be opened widely to be viewed and handled. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Often, musicians get creative in finding their own solutions to the problems of how a score functions. In the image below, cellist Lubomir Georgiev (1951-2005) taped the pages together to facilitate his page turns. It is not the way I might have solved the problem, but thanks to my conversations with Krim, I now appreciate the importance of how paper functions for the musician. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2g7PglmZRFS2J5eCwaJPEveWPhy32tlP5vVGHsebGoloD_ZrDVp1SAEUl3SVR1s6KedA2_k1ZMxt0LfjS0op9LmNU64tsLZu2-U-UC5smDWOrjgsc7abp9O1NF2vy4UN5GbzGUpZ70U4X/s2048/Tape.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh2g7PglmZRFS2J5eCwaJPEveWPhy32tlP5vVGHsebGoloD_ZrDVp1SAEUl3SVR1s6KedA2_k1ZMxt0LfjS0op9LmNU64tsLZu2-U-UC5smDWOrjgsc7abp9O1NF2vy4UN5GbzGUpZ70U4X/w480-h640/Tape.jpg" width="480" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Image: Courtesy of Stacy Krim. <br />Georgiev's creative solution.</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: helvetica;">“Sheet music, with its personalized modifications, can also be viewed as an artifact in which the physical damage imbues the piece with greater meaning beyond the music,” wrote Krim. She continued, “Luigi Silva (1903-1961) was one of the great Italian cellists of the 20th century. As the story goes, when he was young, his father took him to meet several of the great cellists of the early 1900s, including the legendary Pablo Casals, hoping to have Silva taken on as a student. When he met Casals, Silva was told his hands were too small to ever allow him to be a great cellist. Silva dedicated his life to demonstrating Casals incorrect, becoming a renowned teacher, performer, and recording artist. This dirty hand print on the back of a score in his collection is believed to be Silva’s. [Krim's] hand is the hand in the comparison, and as you can see Silva’s hand was a little smaller than [Krim's]. Given the importance of hand size in Silva’s life, this print is something we want conserved.” </span></div><div><br /></div><div><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAS1jJuGtnhrVqVU8SIv6S-dF-Fw9j8NExUrweM8MX3OtNCaREbyW89mqt-Vg0wU153g_4RXCdm2uWZNknM-LzOUfgLw3CD_PcocJsrPG6smx8FFNaE_dv9gVaj5SI0ciBnm5W2CR7ndnn/s698/silva+handprint.JPG" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="698" data-original-width="471" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAS1jJuGtnhrVqVU8SIv6S-dF-Fw9j8NExUrweM8MX3OtNCaREbyW89mqt-Vg0wU153g_4RXCdm2uWZNknM-LzOUfgLw3CD_PcocJsrPG6smx8FFNaE_dv9gVaj5SI0ciBnm5W2CR7ndnn/w270-h400/silva+handprint.JPG" width="270" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Image: Courstesy of Stacey Krim. Luigi Silva's <br />handprint next to Stacey Krim's hand</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: helvetica;">It may be possible to remove, or at least lighten, the hand print or similar markings, but that is one of the decisions that must be made in consultation with the curator. In the case of Silva’s hand print, it is a physical reminder of his ability to overcome the challenge of having small hands to become a gifted musician and teacher. Paper is uniquely suited for recording information quickly in the moment that we want access to for the long term. It is easily transported, can be manufactured almost anywhere in the world, and it is absorbent. We don’t have to carve into stone or etch into metal plates, we simply mark the surface with ink or graphite. That type of notation can communicate the artistry of a master to a budding cellist many years later in a way that a recording of the same music cannot. And, it is due to the collaborative relationship of curator and conservator that the ephemeral, such as a scribbled notation or a hand print, will be protected and preserved.</span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div><br /></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: helvetica;"> _____________________________________</span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">References: </span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><br /></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Sawyer, S. M. & Krim, S. (2021, April). <i>Preserving the Ephemeral: Issues in Music Conservation </i>[Conference presentation]. Society of North Carolina Archivists Annual Meeting, Virtual. </span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;"><i><br /></i></span></div><div><span style="font-family: helvetica;">Seo, H., & Zanish-Belcher, T. (2006).<i> Pitfalls, progress, and partnership. </i>Collection Management, 30(3), 3–19.</span></div>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0UNCG, 1400 Spring Garden St, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA36.0689296 -79.81019767.7586957638211516 -114.9664476 64.379163436178843 -44.653947599999995tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-3370958767583858152021-08-19T16:56:00.000-04:002021-08-19T16:56:00.059-04:00A Custom Enclosure for a Special Book
The University of North Carolina at Greensboro’s Special Collections division recently acquired a copy from the limited edition of Louise Levergneux’s book “Surveillance” to add to their artist book collection. This unique work questions the prevalence and abundance of security devices that track our movements and actions, every hour, around the world. She asks, “Who’s watching?” Who monitors and uses these collections of visual data of which we have become, sometimes unknowingly and without consent, a part?
“Is privacy a thing of the past?” We are no longer guaranteed our freedom and anonymity as technology is developed and information is tracked, monitored through facial identification, and logged.
Levergneux photographed security warning signs she encountered while traveling and incorporated these images into her tunnel book, creating an overwhelming view as you look through this passageway of notifications into the lens of a camera. A fake security camera is mounted on the cover alongside a power switch. Once you open the book, timed warning beeps sound and ultimately a flash erupts, to simulate the flash of a camera documenting your exposure. “CCTV (closed-circuit television) is the bane of mass surveillance, which erodes intellectual freedom and deconstructs the social fabric of our society… Through built-in backdoors, security agencies can tune in to our phone calls, read our messages, capture our photo, look through our emails, steal our files … Anywhere, 24/7!” -Levergneux
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Housing this artist book was essential for us to protect and preserve its carefully constructed format. The mechanism requires two AA batteries, that the artist recommends storing separately when not in use.
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVsjxaIWG-WBfLpAY58L7RmDF6gcIyE9fZBuHr1ROXlW1TLsV8uxJl5zqzCDJA46xMWDpYFdttP0UzgZOS1z9Fetjqf4twrpNhohHiXx3wyyJjBpE9O038e2A3bKS5Y5llVQU6hqlY8zI/s2048/IMG_6110.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVsjxaIWG-WBfLpAY58L7RmDF6gcIyE9fZBuHr1ROXlW1TLsV8uxJl5zqzCDJA46xMWDpYFdttP0UzgZOS1z9Fetjqf4twrpNhohHiXx3wyyJjBpE9O038e2A3bKS5Y5llVQU6hqlY8zI/s320/IMG_6110.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO-FVOLxL9UlU6ZTV1Q4Qm_fZw1Moog-OPOo1l1JuS6mJDPj4lDdpo_Sn-8yi2kNafbairQUvMJdxWCFRZm768GNzO7ny0mMGERYCmj5ByfRxoDYkmmS3hQ7eFXCnK2SytnE-yakyaZrk/s2048/IMG_6111.jpg" style="display: block; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgO-FVOLxL9UlU6ZTV1Q4Qm_fZw1Moog-OPOo1l1JuS6mJDPj4lDdpo_Sn-8yi2kNafbairQUvMJdxWCFRZm768GNzO7ny0mMGERYCmj5ByfRxoDYkmmS3hQ7eFXCnK2SytnE-yakyaZrk/s320/IMG_6111.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidfdM0fiRjWTSbNDKxrQ8AMVig-CwUjB9JtxWVWLoU43-Rn2KQlZvHxAF1uZlVNIfidwSYFvgk63HvBqiAsKZ8Q0lcj0ZOogigepeYCSvetNHzd3QZy2xTJA6EX6XG357cf1SraFkdtDo/s2048/IMG_6112.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1536" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidfdM0fiRjWTSbNDKxrQ8AMVig-CwUjB9JtxWVWLoU43-Rn2KQlZvHxAF1uZlVNIfidwSYFvgk63HvBqiAsKZ8Q0lcj0ZOogigepeYCSvetNHzd3QZy2xTJA6EX6XG357cf1SraFkdtDo/s320/IMG_6112.jpg" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzeWwSUkjDS8mfdH922Neu6vt0ULCppy1ywZL9hEaDEeEV-iJkZLxKvv6evJDw-o78FjhmCI_4rN8q7yD27erdvR_ySBBYgpwtFSE8NFqsUmrmOyUyoRCriDwA5Bv-FgyWjYd05ddGoe0/s2048/IMG_6117.jpg" style="display: block; padding: 1em 0px; text-align: center;"><img alt="" border="0" data-original-height="1536" data-original-width="2048" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzeWwSUkjDS8mfdH922Neu6vt0ULCppy1ywZL9hEaDEeEV-iJkZLxKvv6evJDw-o78FjhmCI_4rN8q7yD27erdvR_ySBBYgpwtFSE8NFqsUmrmOyUyoRCriDwA5Bv-FgyWjYd05ddGoe0/s320/IMG_6117.jpg" width="320" /></a></div>
We designed a box that has a peek-a-boo circular window over the security camera dome. The volume slides into the housing recess, under side ridges that hold the book in place, keeping the book secured when the clamshell enclosure is moved. There is a small, covered compartment to store the batteries with an interior strap that lifts the batteries forward, simplifying retrieval.
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Louise Levergneux’s Surveillance presents us with a moment or two to reflect upon those who surveil, among other things. To what end is this data being collected, for what use? This data has proven to be useful, to protect victims and identify those up to no good. This data has conversely been used by those up to no good, harming and manipulating individuals. We have slowly and steadily found ourselves living in a world where nearly everything we do can be monitored, blindly enjoying the conveniences and thrills of technology, and like the frog in the frying pan, as the heat rises, we find it may be too late to hop out.
For more information about this artist, please visit her website: </p><p><a href="https://louiselevergneux.com/">https://louiselevergneux.com/</a> </p><p> </p><p> -Audrey Sage</p>A Bookbinderhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13435420945013975479noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-60779157884789016562021-03-19T07:30:00.010-04:002021-03-22T13:13:49.165-04:00Building a Post Binder for a 19th Century Sewing Book<p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0xLIzP11agOn0j34Mi02B5E4B13cfg1LwJ7Z1Xt1DRZeZmKbElDL1G3zjYhOuk5kpBXbcCqtIsx6K-iElLGd_WiDgfAwhGZy6Q1heuDcPnX9OLvKjpRO_e8QUKJcxb9Tcac1YwGnRXyf4/s2048/IMG_5312.JPG"><img border="0" data-original-height="1481" data-original-width="2048" height="462" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0xLIzP11agOn0j34Mi02B5E4B13cfg1LwJ7Z1Xt1DRZeZmKbElDL1G3zjYhOuk5kpBXbcCqtIsx6K-iElLGd_WiDgfAwhGZy6Q1heuDcPnX9OLvKjpRO_e8QUKJcxb9Tcac1YwGnRXyf4/w640-h462/IMG_5312.JPG" width="640" /></a></div><p></p><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;"><i><span style="font-size: medium;">Sewing Book</span></i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><i>Models with Instructions</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><i>used by</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><i>State Normal and Industrial School</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><i>Greensboro</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><i>N.C.</i></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><i>1895-1896</i></span></div><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">State Normal and Industrial School (now UNC Greensboro) once offered sewing classes for the young women attending the school. Along with preparing students to be teachers, the school's Domestic Science Department was also concerned with fostering the skills necessary for women to become good wives and mothers. No doubt sewing could be a useful skill to have during the early 20th century. <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">The Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives (SCUA)</a> is fortunate to have three of these sewing books created by students in the late 19th century. </span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglcLMUH7ZtCTq85OLzVKGhu60wLT48Z4DenXdtNUcxZvhTR2gnJKQJtYxRxHKceOMZNYTxSqwCbbkXX_lzeCksdvdqk7TmQ6DNaVBVPyuEQmlxNKwKDNBnHP_we3dir7A8zjZPZSNXSR5T/s1367/sewing+samples.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="1367" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglcLMUH7ZtCTq85OLzVKGhu60wLT48Z4DenXdtNUcxZvhTR2gnJKQJtYxRxHKceOMZNYTxSqwCbbkXX_lzeCksdvdqk7TmQ6DNaVBVPyuEQmlxNKwKDNBnHP_we3dir7A8zjZPZSNXSR5T/w640-h280/sewing+samples.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Three examples of sewing models sewn by hand in 1895-1896</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;"><br />The three sewing books were delivered to Preservation Services so that we might devise a way to keep the pages as intact as possible while also stabilizing them. The goal is for these books to be used with classes visiting SCUA. Unfortunately, the substrate pages of the albums are quite discolored and brittle due to the acidity of the paper. Nonetheless, the sewing samples are incredibly intricate and interesting, especially considering they were all sewn by hand. Though there was not much we could do in house about the condition of the substrate pages, we were able to create post binders to better protect them. We also elected to leave the metal fasteners and pins that were securing the sewing samples to the pages because the pages were too brittle to remove them.</span><p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrOGR0F35rSAwJC99EXTACHZdTrupvltF6ATHVBHgUIiscDqKBMEmCiDQE9hgWmoLsvpFnUQlJZJsJpkXxOP39PHoEkjiP5TME1zvz2kovqipwDP-Bwf4suZ-WJe6GPCNVWsLWovR6UyCJ/s1514/drilling+spacers.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="748" data-original-width="1514" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrOGR0F35rSAwJC99EXTACHZdTrupvltF6ATHVBHgUIiscDqKBMEmCiDQE9hgWmoLsvpFnUQlJZJsJpkXxOP39PHoEkjiP5TME1zvz2kovqipwDP-Bwf4suZ-WJe6GPCNVWsLWovR6UyCJ/w400-h198/drilling+spacers.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Left: Spacers cut from museum board, Center: Drilling holes with <br />the drill press, and Right: A preview of the spacers between the pages</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;">Often, paper manufactured in the late 19th and early 20th century was created from wood pulp. The lignin, an organic substance that makes the cell walls in plants rigid or woody, in wood pulp contains acid that degrades the paper over time. You may have heard of the “Brittle Book Era”, which refers to this time period when paper manufacturers were under pressure to create a large quantity of paper very cheaply in order to meet the demand of the publishing industry. The wood pulp was cheaper to process into paper but resulted in very brittle paper over time. When brittle paper is torn, or more accurately “broken”, it is difficult to mend as the mend ends up being stronger than the paper being repaired and it simply breaks again along the edge of the mend. There are processes for deacidifying paper, such as washing it to remove some of the impurities and adjust the pH to a more neutral level, or spraying it with an alkaline solution to slow down the process of aging. However, there are often conservation solutions that simply are not feasible for us due to the cost or labor involved. Thus, creating post binders was the right solution for us at this time.</span><p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRHD04tkwDc0Y7DDzVfACbU-iqSRN_dz-VJ5YMwZELoRvNUNP1bjSzj1ing0H5bpBARHQgDRleAK5Ey6hMXm4lAHhN96h8NSC49HMJxZwYBO1D83K0tWOIdkNUbM322tMNR1i8_a11R5Tr/s1472/completed+binder.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="668" data-original-width="1472" height="181" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRHD04tkwDc0Y7DDzVfACbU-iqSRN_dz-VJ5YMwZELoRvNUNP1bjSzj1ing0H5bpBARHQgDRleAK5Ey6hMXm4lAHhN96h8NSC49HMJxZwYBO1D83K0tWOIdkNUbM322tMNR1i8_a11R5Tr/w400-h181/completed+binder.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">The assembled post binder</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;">The sewing books’ pages were already loose and simply resting inside the sewing album covers, so disbinding was not necessary. The first step of stabilizing the pages was to put each page in a protective Mylar sleeve. This type of sleeve is often referred to as an L-sleeve because the edges are sealed along two sides in an L shape. They serve as a protective barrier both for the item inside the sleeve as well as anything it might come into contact with, such as neighboring sewing samples in this case. Once all the pages were sleeved, the next step was to drill holes near the spine edge so that the posts could be inserted through the covers and the block of pages. However, due to the thickness of the sewing samples, spacers were needed at the spine edge between some of the pages or else the spine would be much narrower than the pages which would result in a wedge shaped book that bulges open at the fore edge. Spacers of museum board (similar to mat board) were cut to the height of the text block and drilled with a drill press (see pictures). The Mylar pages were also drilled based on the same template so that the holes will align when the binder is assembled. Custom covers were made in three pieces - a spine piece and two covers. The covers also had to be drilled. Once all the parts were prepared, the post binding was actually quite simple to assemble. The screw posts come in a variety of lengths so they can be fit to any thickness of textblock.</span><p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfFSiFObMrz5q-BeiZx_TR-rpiA4riHkhPVLXQqwo9wz_NX_7CFHBGa9VP5IbLiM8AhbSJ67CZUoHpadT-lAQ6GPgEk4F_E5Xm8Sf4bRFkh_U_8Kq-IQ5mBq1pDEflZFQX1iDUmba94cfE/s1506/assembled+album+closed.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="704" data-original-width="1506" height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjfFSiFObMrz5q-BeiZx_TR-rpiA4riHkhPVLXQqwo9wz_NX_7CFHBGa9VP5IbLiM8AhbSJ67CZUoHpadT-lAQ6GPgEk4F_E5Xm8Sf4bRFkh_U_8Kq-IQ5mBq1pDEflZFQX1iDUmba94cfE/w400-h188/assembled+album+closed.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Additional views of the assembled post binder</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;">Though it is common to have an extra allowance of space on the spine edge of the Mylar so that the pages can turn, these sleeves were left even larger so that the sewing book pages would not have to flex as much. The original stamped cover designs of the sewing books were removed and adhered to the front of the new post binders. Because the sleeves are not sealed along the top edge at the head of each book, custom-fitted clamshells were later built to house the binders to prevent them from collecting dust.</span><p></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLKOfn2bRrR7ub1B7fA0jMxwwO6kKqyzPEsDq3sX8X2O9xWeFkFz2II_DUFb97OaTRrrSX7dI8MxqetuzET0bd8Ex8HXsWqPBy7goE86OsdvG-ptAAOjFmU8x0USTpUzIZQzKkFKxDwDZz/s2048/IMG_5981.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1287" data-original-width="2048" height="402" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLKOfn2bRrR7ub1B7fA0jMxwwO6kKqyzPEsDq3sX8X2O9xWeFkFz2II_DUFb97OaTRrrSX7dI8MxqetuzET0bd8Ex8HXsWqPBy7goE86OsdvG-ptAAOjFmU8x0USTpUzIZQzKkFKxDwDZz/w640-h402/IMG_5981.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">An open view of the post binder</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;">The post binders are a versatile option for protecting the pages of a book. In this case, they may not be the perfect solution, but they have succeeded in stabilizing the pages and making them a bit safer to handle with a class of students. Ultimately, that is usually our goal - to preserve items for use with researchers, classes of students, and perhaps in exhibitions. </span><p></p><div><br /></div>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com01400 Spring Garden St, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA36.0689296 -79.81019767.7586957638211516 -114.9664476 64.379163436178843 -44.653947599999995tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-62800025368656241882021-02-17T08:00:00.016-05:002021-02-17T08:00:00.635-05:00Too Much Mending, Too Little Time<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAAJms99jRIsboJ5tyP0FZrZiFgH32e3P5uFn2vz6LzqDsne1BE8UL-pITd3EjGfx-4v2TXClHasXqNEkKt23nQBwUI1P56rShRM5T0tXkhQJmfDAL5o-_S0IR3YSHoAAz_qGWBTepRvo5/s1485/Score+and+cover+damage.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1485" height="389" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAAJms99jRIsboJ5tyP0FZrZiFgH32e3P5uFn2vz6LzqDsne1BE8UL-pITd3EjGfx-4v2TXClHasXqNEkKt23nQBwUI1P56rShRM5T0tXkhQJmfDAL5o-_S0IR3YSHoAAz_qGWBTepRvo5/w640-h389/Score+and+cover+damage.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">L: Bound cello music score, R: Detail of damaged cover</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><span style="font-family: arial;">This 1917 volume of bound scores, from the collection of Luigi Silva (1903-1961), is part of the Cello Music Collection in the <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives</a> at UNC Greensboro. It is part of a set of several works bound together under the handwritten title <a href="https://uncg.on.worldcat.org/oclc/46948802" target="_blank">Pezzi repertorio II</a> (Repertoire Pieces II). This volume contains parts for a violin or violoncello and piano. The score also contains handwritten performance notes by Luigi Silva. Silva was a renowned musician as well as a teacher and scholar of the violoncello. To learn more about Luigi Silva, please <a href="http://libcdm1.uncg.edu/cdm/msssilva/#:~:text=Luigi%20Silva%20(1903%2D1961),his%20parents%20were%20noted%20musicians." target="_blank">visit the Luigi Silva Musical Score Collection and Personal Papers</a>.</span></p><p style="text-align: left;"></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiakWn2WFK6CVr5EEHTE8EMblNEdyKSdABE-VfFHgbUUx6_Wj1ZnaR3o6UtSTMoGF-CCqDU6sgfNUSdfZX_0Ut-h6Xh0tDtivHvB1AuCgeuIsGsQNf36FQ8EGp-8PXCLFgYvxSirta_cFiJ/s2048/IMG_5547.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1488" data-original-width="2048" height="232" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiakWn2WFK6CVr5EEHTE8EMblNEdyKSdABE-VfFHgbUUx6_Wj1ZnaR3o6UtSTMoGF-CCqDU6sgfNUSdfZX_0Ut-h6Xh0tDtivHvB1AuCgeuIsGsQNf36FQ8EGp-8PXCLFgYvxSirta_cFiJ/w320-h232/IMG_5547.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">Damage to the cover on left and to the pages on right</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;">Often, when we receive a damaged item in Preservation Services, we do not know the exact cause of the damage. This score is one such example. The front cover had been punctured by a sharp object, which caused damage through the cover and into the first 20-25 pages of the bound score. Because so many pages had been damaged, it was going to be a time-consuming task to mend the same hole or loss on all of the 20 or so damaged pages. <br /><br /></span><span style="font-family: arial;">Mending this type of damage requires careful consideration of materials. Though the score is unlikely to be used in performance any longer, it was necessary to ensure that the mend would remain flexible as the pages are turned by researchers or perhaps when the book is shared with a class. Mending tissues are often selected based on the type, age, and condition of the paper being mended. For example, a very brittle paper mended with a thick piece of Japanese paper would simply break again next to the mend, as the mend would be stronger than the paper itself.<br /><br /></span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXi8CmT-aYF8QaSdjb-SWLEkvhyphenhyphenOxHOQZneodpkuOs9vwF37gIc8otqGB8UkKarKBaQQq34HScYnJLb_3DwoLC-3U6yHvCHKXu0_jjXC0MIL_-mt_Slply1bcRnCcGoTTKlhUdELNfzfIT/s1227/damage+on+first+and+last+pages.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="722" data-original-width="1227" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXi8CmT-aYF8QaSdjb-SWLEkvhyphenhyphenOxHOQZneodpkuOs9vwF37gIc8otqGB8UkKarKBaQQq34HScYnJLb_3DwoLC-3U6yHvCHKXu0_jjXC0MIL_-mt_Slply1bcRnCcGoTTKlhUdELNfzfIT/w400-h235/damage+on+first+and+last+pages.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">L: Hole as it appears on one of the first pages, vs. <br />R: Hole as it appears on the last damaged page</span></td></tr></tbody></table><span style="font-family: arial;">The paper in this score was relatively stable in condition, so brittleness was not a concern. However, adding a Japanese tissue mend to each of the 20 or so damaged pages would quickly build up thickness in that one area that could be problematic in the function of the book. For that reason, a thin Japanese paper was used along with rice starch paste to mend each of the holes.</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">Another consideration in completing this type of mending is how much time is involved. Often in Preservation Services, we are able to go beyond basic repair and even restore a damaged item to close to its original condition. However, we must balance how and how often the item will be used in the future with how much time we can invest in its repair. Not every item warrants a full restoration.<br /></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_I4hxv1wGWGkfOiNCOiC3rJmltcBZIE9zzzROTSgf6hWvwa96fMaVDuEx7cpZH7OjJitYjLQCU7MJY23Ub9jOJH10qEDdZJV96u6C3Yif7lae0uh5V8CcvuQDmzJa_lg2Kkr1BUMr0KzH/s1219/hole+and+applying+tissue.jpg" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="806" data-original-width="1219" height="424" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_I4hxv1wGWGkfOiNCOiC3rJmltcBZIE9zzzROTSgf6hWvwa96fMaVDuEx7cpZH7OjJitYjLQCU7MJY23Ub9jOJH10qEDdZJV96u6C3Yif7lae0uh5V8CcvuQDmzJa_lg2Kkr1BUMr0KzH/w640-h424/hole+and+applying+tissue.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">L: The hole being repaired, R: Applying pasted tissue to the hole</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">In this case, the item may be used in the future by researchers, in a class, or in an exhibition, so it was necessary to spend more time in the conservation process rather than simply providing a protective enclosure for storage. To that end, in projects such as this one it becomes necessary to save time whenever possible as there are so many conservation projects in the queue. Not only do we conserve items in Special Collections and University Archives, but we are also tasked with preserving materials in the general circulating collections of Jackson Library as well as those in the Harold Schiffman Music Library on campus.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">When time and space are not as much of a concern, or when working on a flat item such as a letterpress printed broadside, it would be common to allow each mend to dry under blotter and weight while working on another project at the same time. In the case of repairing this bound score, a quicker method was employed. A small travel iron on a very low heat setting was used to quickly dry each mend before moving on to the next one. So, mending more than 20 pages took a fraction of the time it might have. Applying heat is not always ideal, so the conservator must consider the type of materials being mended and what impact heat may have on the item.<br /></span></p><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjarSyfY7lvp9eHkJCIsFIcH8CCcPs0k5a3Hw-u9z95fp9bDHSA2D0rA93hH5E9fgzd_pbb9KFhp7bapskxmMocJ1WRD9JIXey-qfgOImSevAg1ZxP22p8PJqrdxTtsTLsBPmxCAuQxahs7/s1367/ironing+and+finished+mend.jpg" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="764" data-original-width="1367" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjarSyfY7lvp9eHkJCIsFIcH8CCcPs0k5a3Hw-u9z95fp9bDHSA2D0rA93hH5E9fgzd_pbb9KFhp7bapskxmMocJ1WRD9JIXey-qfgOImSevAg1ZxP22p8PJqrdxTtsTLsBPmxCAuQxahs7/w400-h224/ironing+and+finished+mend.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: x-small;">L: Ironing mend to dry it quickly, R: Finished mend</span></td></tr></tbody></table><p></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">For each mend, a substrate is placed under the page being mended. It consists of a piece of release paper (like parchment paper you might use in baking), which is layered over a cotton blotter on top of a scrap of book board. Rice starch paste is applied to a thin piece of Japanese paper torn to size and applied to the area of the page needing repair. A Teflon folder is used to press and smooth the tissue onto the paper being mended. Then, another piece of release paper is layered on top of the mend and the iron is used to apply heat to quickly dry the paste. The blotter underneath helps to absorb the moisture from the paste. In this way, 20 or more pages can be mended in a fraction of the time. Likewise, because a very thin tissue was used, the "stack" of mends did not build up into a thickness that might have impeded the cover from closing completely. So, the problem of too many mends and too little time was easily resolved.</span></p><p><span style="font-family: arial;">As you see pictured below, the cover was also mended with a black Japanese paper. Two years ago, we posted another blog entry about mending the corner of a cello music score much like this one. Please click <b><a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2018/11/corner-repair-for-bound-1916-vivaldi.html" target="_blank">HERE</a></b> to read about that repair.</span></p><p></p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6NNDZILU75XtDqKMdO1qKRpUDVHDEtOMfaomV19fdNEvqWXEFlCH1MbJ1wg-rT9Bxouhu6tXYe66MaM-1dC2twTCu2NCWsAz250yDcmR1PRuEnCR2CEoUdzVdP5p4Qibck-EE8kWtJT-/s2048/IMG_5558.JPG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1630" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZ6NNDZILU75XtDqKMdO1qKRpUDVHDEtOMfaomV19fdNEvqWXEFlCH1MbJ1wg-rT9Bxouhu6tXYe66MaM-1dC2twTCu2NCWsAz250yDcmR1PRuEnCR2CEoUdzVdP5p4Qibck-EE8kWtJT-/w319-h400/IMG_5558.JPG" width="319" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: arial;">Detail of repaired cover</span></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><span style="font-family: arial;"><br /></span><p></p>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0UNC Greensboro, NC, USA36.0726354 -79.7919754-19.601199057068975 -150.1044754 90 -9.4794753999999983tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-54423082981690954632020-11-12T15:05:00.001-05:002020-11-12T15:16:09.636-05:00Resewing & Restoring Endbands<p>If you have followed our blog, you may remember that <a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2020/03/super-size-me-book-conservation-variety_24.html" target="_blank">we have mentioned resewing endbands previously as part of a full binding restoration</a>. Endbands, sometimes referred to as headbands, are attached to the spine of a book at both the head and tail and rest between the spine and the cover.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga2IAAARtsKZjY-ADFXGK4_x6IWz3r-r8LD3g5PITCs0onu4k7fxOsEkHoYclfW7IRWBogso1nSnNK3Cl7IL3y9gH1td_EFaXLYNAWjFSH8BDHMq4vnQcERTEa0Pkqbm6knhRAmcFVvDcD/s1600/Endbands.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="1600" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEga2IAAARtsKZjY-ADFXGK4_x6IWz3r-r8LD3g5PITCs0onu4k7fxOsEkHoYclfW7IRWBogso1nSnNK3Cl7IL3y9gH1td_EFaXLYNAWjFSH8BDHMq4vnQcERTEa0Pkqbm6knhRAmcFVvDcD/w400-h160/Endbands.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Handsewn endband<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Endbands can be structural components of a binding as well as decorative elements. They may also simply be aesthetic with no real substantive support to the book. There are many different types of sewn and "stuck-on" endbands. Stuck-on endbands may be machine-made or handsewn separate from the book and adhered to the spine of the book with adhesive. Sewn endbands, rather than just being glued to the spine, are mechanically attached to the spine with thread. Periodically, as an endband is sewn, it is anchored to the spine of the book by a loop of thread that goes down into a section of pages, through the spine, and back up to loop around the endband again. (See picture below.)</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUqiSPr0yRFrzWMHDUPj6e15lWKnnWWQ1VaC28zRHaWmdRDsQ9LX-na2pHzuGuNCy-fGmZ5ImAlZn8M4ir3BdsR2_g6AE5iN-BvS4YKZalEr5uWY9wdAxVrv11nlyQOPuUj68TaPoqw4sj/s2048/Hand_sewn_headband.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of several textblocks with handsewn endbands with anchoring threads sewn through the spine of each textblock" border="0" data-original-height="1365" data-original-width="2048" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUqiSPr0yRFrzWMHDUPj6e15lWKnnWWQ1VaC28zRHaWmdRDsQ9LX-na2pHzuGuNCy-fGmZ5ImAlZn8M4ir3BdsR2_g6AE5iN-BvS4YKZalEr5uWY9wdAxVrv11nlyQOPuUj68TaPoqw4sj/w400-h266/Hand_sewn_headband.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Aatu Dorochenko, CC BY-SA 4.0 via Wikimedia Commons</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Sewn endbands may be sewn with a single color of thread or they may have several colors interwoven to create a decorative pattern. One of our favorite reference books for sewing many different kinds of endbands is <a href="https://uncg.on.worldcat.org/oclc/51948545" target="_blank">Headbands: How to Work Them</a> by Jane Greenfield and Jenny Hille. Endband sewing patterns may vary by historical time period or by geographical location, or both. The most common structure we use is a single core endband with a bead on the edge or the spine. The thread wraps a single core material, such as linen cord, and a bead, or decorative weave or braid, is created as the cord overlaps itself.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1948" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEimiUf76i46rVGI3o8yGCCWkzcXV1AT9gk-P_QGPjmG2tVjo7a551dmFePxnAfOMb4fTw_tg6puczFcYF56dSvLna2G-jwVafRU92CujjWK8Rx7djklXjGUCowbEjbuex4R4r7VC5QGlyle/w190-h200/45DB3001-2186-4D00-81BB-CEDB25BCA0A0.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" width="190" /></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stuck on endband material<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm-rnjthVIebuUyWNCrZyjSN1JpwIMycb2QF5qjqUmeQIJXB_wx9pAj7-TnPbBtGLS9NKyk5-zkdRz1O3kMVbhwTQwktKMQ2Qn7tLbmv53JP5wAZUA9MhQvOKN99GEmK2fvM1emPkCA9ub/s2048/86117793-9AC5-4D20-BDE4-06E33437643F.jpeg" style="clear: left; display: inline; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2021" data-original-width="2048" height="198" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhm-rnjthVIebuUyWNCrZyjSN1JpwIMycb2QF5qjqUmeQIJXB_wx9pAj7-TnPbBtGLS9NKyk5-zkdRz1O3kMVbhwTQwktKMQ2Qn7tLbmv53JP5wAZUA9MhQvOKN99GEmK2fvM1emPkCA9ub/w200-h198/86117793-9AC5-4D20-BDE4-06E33437643F.jpeg" width="200" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Stuck on endband<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Stuck-on endbands come in many varieties as well. In some cases, an endband may be handsewn as described above but separate from the book and later adhered to the spine with adhesive. In such a case, the endband serves more as decoration than as structural. Many mass-produced hardcover books have stuck-on endbands that have been machine woven to appear similar to handsewn endbands. This type of endband is sold in rolls that can be cut to length based on the width of the spine. (See picture above.) Stuck-on endbands can also be made by adhering cloth or paper around a core of cord, which is also cut to length based on the spine width and adhered with adhesive. (See picture below.)</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKNTaePw_3m95m-q_k6_m-r8-pm3hWbABeGzbsHzQq8ayrfjPovyY5UahsESlPwyfuUBArH8UycRPvyL0us_O9WtU2USRySytbLjZM9Wjlg6DoYY5aPUEyTGNYS6DEMti7UpOY1N6gPCFs/s2048/F9FE595C-F66F-4D37-8579-77E39D5B2DF4.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1888" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKNTaePw_3m95m-q_k6_m-r8-pm3hWbABeGzbsHzQq8ayrfjPovyY5UahsESlPwyfuUBArH8UycRPvyL0us_O9WtU2USRySytbLjZM9Wjlg6DoYY5aPUEyTGNYS6DEMti7UpOY1N6gPCFs/w184-h200/F9FE595C-F66F-4D37-8579-77E39D5B2DF4.jpeg" width="184" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Handmade stuck-on endbands<br />paper or cloth wrapped <br />around linen cord<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIn3lUGZensnWs5dQ7Q1dxCNi9QvJGNLHTGMPj-zYWYfcqQ-pNAJtGdpg2YANM1GL6ty993nx42PGjJnc6kSYLAdu1gwxn8KE2y7kiyuhpFv8SXJ3kLVoVj7x1-eI_kWxolQhkBGcHoExq/s2048/D2CFB7CD-7809-4884-8760-693CEE94078D.jpeg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="2048" data-original-width="1950" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIn3lUGZensnWs5dQ7Q1dxCNi9QvJGNLHTGMPj-zYWYfcqQ-pNAJtGdpg2YANM1GL6ty993nx42PGjJnc6kSYLAdu1gwxn8KE2y7kiyuhpFv8SXJ3kLVoVj7x1-eI_kWxolQhkBGcHoExq/w191-h200/D2CFB7CD-7809-4884-8760-693CEE94078D.jpeg" width="191" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Handmade stuck-on endband<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><br /><br /><p>Often, when completing more extensive book restoration projects, we need to resew endbands. In many cases, there are remnants of endband threads still attached to a book indicating that one was once present. Or, we will find one endband intact and the other missing and needing a replacement. It is nice to find at least one of the endbands still intact so that we can model the replacement from it. However, if both endbands are missing, we have to do some guesswork based on the historical time period of the binding for what style and colors of endbands might have been used originally.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1QSvm4WMILtKBTAzINj7pRs-7jt3B_lSNdVlkM2pwmzSVYqQ5opkgQsBanl1_s0ZSi6Mer7oce29-ZlrAfhu6bdh1rxsaTediL5d0BRyuj2VdCQnwUxddOjTRPIsJDN3qoWnUvpwuGTa5/s748/IMG_4809.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="748" data-original-width="746" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1QSvm4WMILtKBTAzINj7pRs-7jt3B_lSNdVlkM2pwmzSVYqQ5opkgQsBanl1_s0ZSi6Mer7oce29-ZlrAfhu6bdh1rxsaTediL5d0BRyuj2VdCQnwUxddOjTRPIsJDN3qoWnUvpwuGTa5/w199-h200/IMG_4809.PNG" width="199" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: linen cord core for an endband<br />Right: linen cord wrapped in paper</td></tr></tbody></table><p>If we have an endband to use as an example, we try to match it as closely as possible. One step of that process is to use a core material that is close to the diameter of the original. Endbands may be sewn on linen cord, leather, parchment, rolled paper, or other materials. We most often use linen cord, though at times we have to adjust the diameter of our cord by rolling it in paper (see image above) to more closely resemble the original. Then, we try to match the thread and pattern of the original endband as we resew a new one.</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAOReJmaPlkQfPzkMM5Ucid1yTLQzwGQpEcXAFT3n_l91NWlSy-OyQMOX5PY8xcZ39rgcVWjhugG21-pl3oteBNmZGCd4VD5v2L-FJEsoiuGCl31-9MO5SyIdzKAdld2BHo5rJDEMg6Juf/s745/IMG_4807.PNG" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="743" data-original-width="745" height="318" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAOReJmaPlkQfPzkMM5Ucid1yTLQzwGQpEcXAFT3n_l91NWlSy-OyQMOX5PY8xcZ39rgcVWjhugG21-pl3oteBNmZGCd4VD5v2L-FJEsoiuGCl31-9MO5SyIdzKAdld2BHo5rJDEMg6Juf/w320-h318/IMG_4807.PNG" width="320" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Partial replacement of a sewn endband<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Recently, a book had part of the original endband still attached but about a third of it was missing. Because the remaining portion was in relatively good condition and securely attached, a partial endband was created to supplement the original. This proved somewhat challenging in that a new core needed to become an extension to the existing core. Fortunately, the exiting core was the same diameter as our linen cord. The new cord was consolidated (stiffened and compacted with adhesive) and tipped onto the existing cord with a drop of adhesive. Once dry, a the winding threads were wrapped in the same pattern around the new cord and it was periodically anchored to the book by sewing down through a section of pages and out through the spine. It can be a challenge matching thread colors at times. In the case of this repair, the original thread was quite discolored from age and dust, so it may have been a more successful match if a darker thread was used rather than the cream colored thread pictured. Hindsight is always 20/20, no?</p><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTMPu70tpXF5eX3_zxz1qSpS5MQMasLwJN-1l1xixz5B-_HyF_kRSOfuu54Xx71zBFz3Aus52-Y43BExEYmbt8FRCgYT5eJ7_7L_F2CBpJJG21jCWmR_1V2tdNTzKa1ACD52fwYHWAAOHv/s1255/endband+in+progress.jpg" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1255" data-original-width="1172" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTMPu70tpXF5eX3_zxz1qSpS5MQMasLwJN-1l1xixz5B-_HyF_kRSOfuu54Xx71zBFz3Aus52-Y43BExEYmbt8FRCgYT5eJ7_7L_F2CBpJJG21jCWmR_1V2tdNTzKa1ACD52fwYHWAAOHv/s320/endband+in+progress.jpg" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Resewing an endband<br /></td></tr></tbody></table><p>Sewing endbands is both tedious and time-consuming, but it is also very rewarding as it provides both structural support to a binding as well as aesthetic beauty. It can be somewhat meditative as well as it is a repetitive task that requires a great deal of focus - perfect work for 2020.</p>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.comtag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-20447019218529597142020-04-07T14:00:00.001-04:002020-04-07T14:00:21.751-04:00Super Size Me: The Book Conservation Variety, Part 3 (of 3)In our final post of this three part series about this conservation treatment, we will review covering the book in leather, reapplying the original label, and blind tooling a panel on the front and back covers. Previously mentioned in Part 1, <i>The Royal Commentaries of Peru</i> (RCP) by Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1616), published in 1688, arrived in Preservation Services having already received a number of repairs. For that reason, it was determined that the best way to stabilize and improve the function of this book was to remove it from the original binding and rebind it in a new leather cover.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl3zQQQ_yBHSiaU0nYS_PNyWJVBFRhg1F9TO5rmjJ3lIye5-3js530KSrsnG4iI-eAZJDEy8zm3r2jM4pP8jKeWmqhBjHdSBzCITD2Gq0eZ9O1n8b9ysoADByDXywfKJfgsy4lL1293gUT/s1600/before+and+after.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1226" data-original-width="1600" height="489" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl3zQQQ_yBHSiaU0nYS_PNyWJVBFRhg1F9TO5rmjJ3lIye5-3js530KSrsnG4iI-eAZJDEy8zm3r2jM4pP8jKeWmqhBjHdSBzCITD2Gq0eZ9O1n8b9ysoADByDXywfKJfgsy4lL1293gUT/s640/before+and+after.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Royal Commentaries of Peru</i> before and after treatment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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And, as mentioned in Part 2, there are many steps to preparing a book to be covered in leather. In the case of RCP, those steps included mending almost all of the pages, resewing the text sections on cords, adding new endpapers, resewing endbands, and several other time-consuming tasks. (See <a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2020/03/super-size-me-book-conservation-variety.html" target="_blank">Part 1</a> and <a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2020/03/super-size-me-book-conservation-variety_24.html" target="_blank">Part 2</a> for those steps) This is the sort of work we very much enjoy doing but for which we do not always have the time.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipsel-YUWRyh6L-Tf_P3Uad2KOBGyCiKQKpXHscN4558xQl_EWVN7VgZ8x6eKx98Sw61zErCMSAck50Pu0772lbfF66wRgPWcn9vkbudTzLjsnElR_cMz6VTlNneNy5PdmSURrlrNqgaF/s1600/Forming+leather+around+cords.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjipsel-YUWRyh6L-Tf_P3Uad2KOBGyCiKQKpXHscN4558xQl_EWVN7VgZ8x6eKx98Sw61zErCMSAck50Pu0772lbfF66wRgPWcn9vkbudTzLjsnElR_cMz6VTlNneNy5PdmSURrlrNqgaF/s400/Forming+leather+around+cords.jpg" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The dampened leather is adhered first to the spine <br />
and worked around the raised cords before <br />
smoothing onto the covers.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
One of the first steps for covering a book in leather, after the many steps mentioned in Parts 1 and 2 of this series, is to pare the leather. A piece of leather, in this case, calf leather, is cut to the size of the book plus about an inch extending beyond the head, tail, and fore edge of the book (top, bottom, and edge opposite the spine). The leather is then pared with a special knife to bevel or thin the edges to aid in turning the leather in around the cover boards. For a quick video on what leather paring is, click <a href="https://youtu.be/QB5ZHNdqTPQ" target="_blank">HERE</a> to see conservator and toolmaker Jeff Peachey (to see Peachey's tools, click <a href="https://www.peacheytools.com/" target="_blank">HERE</a>) demonstrate on a scrap piece of leather. Once the leather is pared, paste is prepared and all the necessary tools are set out in easy reach of the binder. The binder needs to work fairly quickly once the leather is pasted out, so it is helpful to have all the appropriate tools at hand.<br />
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The leather is moistened with water using a soft sponge or cotton on the hair side (the side that had hair on it when it was sourced from an animal). On the flesh side of the leather (the side that faced the inside of the animal from which it was sourced), paste is applied, scraped away, and reapplied in stages. The moisture from both the water and the paste makes the leather more malleable as it is applied to the book. However, it also makes the leather susceptible to scarring or bruising while it is dampened, so the binder must take care not to damage the leather in the binding process.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMziQWXcKz5rkdAI2cs4e-oqsYbfgvCuP7DIhzBKo4k1ZBjUOu1Jel-Bp4ezzhyphenhyphenL8ceTm7uMNAqrtc8egSPpvQd9NQlbuPCRzokW_RL7KPhuwv7PmhN-MxNbP0uRjHIhonz5mwpT0ng4Gg/s1600/Covered+in+leather+open+and+closed.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="752" data-original-width="1600" height="299" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMziQWXcKz5rkdAI2cs4e-oqsYbfgvCuP7DIhzBKo4k1ZBjUOu1Jel-Bp4ezzhyphenhyphenL8ceTm7uMNAqrtc8egSPpvQd9NQlbuPCRzokW_RL7KPhuwv7PmhN-MxNbP0uRjHIhonz5mwpT0ng4Gg/s640/Covered+in+leather+open+and+closed.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The book rebound in new leather before the decorative panel was inscribed</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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The leather is first applied to the spine of the book and worked down around the raised cords. From there, it can be laid down on each cover. The binder then works at the head and tail of the book, with the covers open and the textblock upright and perpendicular to the table surface, to turn the leather in around the edges of the boards and form the endcaps (a bit of leather that protrudes at the head and tail of the spine and curves over the text minimally to protect the end band). It is difficult to document covering a book in leather while doing so as the binder must stay focused and work quickly. For a rough overview of the process, click <a href="https://youtu.be/vDzLY2ITs9w" target="_blank">HERE</a> to watch a video of covering a book in leather.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg03Nvx7uOAm_370FcLpH6F1y28zeK2-jRgp1LAqw6CiJ1ZQgygp2WSS54GQhaFdQ0jgRNs6AM93D0nuWSUkjoE6q7_Wlp2M0qOhW1WN5fjSj54LeuVLPgyAlEFX_UdS2cacXfB1UWr1SSJ/s1600/Label+readhered.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1040" data-original-width="1600" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg03Nvx7uOAm_370FcLpH6F1y28zeK2-jRgp1LAqw6CiJ1ZQgygp2WSS54GQhaFdQ0jgRNs6AM93D0nuWSUkjoE6q7_Wlp2M0qOhW1WN5fjSj54LeuVLPgyAlEFX_UdS2cacXfB1UWr1SSJ/s320/Label+readhered.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The original label was readhered to the new leather spine</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
After the book was covered in the leather and had ample time to dry, the original label (that was lifted as the book was removed from its original cover) was reapplied. While the facing tissue is still on the label, the label can be adhered to the new spine leather. Once dry, the facing tissue was removed with a thin coat of Klucel-G (a leather consolidant that worked like an adhesive to hold the tissue to the face of the label without damaging it).<br />
<br />
The final step was to create a panel pattern on the front and back covers similar to the design on the original covers. A simple way to create a design on leather is to take advantage of the issue mentioned earlier: leather is easily scarred or bruised when dampened. After determining the basic rectangular design, a cardstock template was created to simplify the process of keeping the design parallel to the edges of the book. The cover was dampened, the template laid in place, and a bone folder was used to impress the lines in the damp leather. Once dry, the lines appear slightly darker because the leather was purposefully bruised with the folder while damp. Once one cover was dry, the book was flipped over and the same design was applied to the back cover.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-v4ry_IY3CoIu1-Xif8M8XEcDuwEsmixzQekDuOKwjSlqSGWIaiy84oX4EkV6oA3wZ8e9IGzh3EudorTIOCJcfmnnZegK_k-q7QGxGu8Ycbzz0u2ZOWZDZ5CxUx91OAOcdOCGf8gP-6xi/s1600/Template+for+blind+tooling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="659" data-original-width="1600" height="263" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-v4ry_IY3CoIu1-Xif8M8XEcDuwEsmixzQekDuOKwjSlqSGWIaiy84oX4EkV6oA3wZ8e9IGzh3EudorTIOCJcfmnnZegK_k-q7QGxGu8Ycbzz0u2ZOWZDZ5CxUx91OAOcdOCGf8gP-6xi/s640/Template+for+blind+tooling.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A template was used as a guide to impress decorative lines on the cover while the leather was dampened</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
After its extended stay in Preservation Services for stabilization and rebinding, <i>The Royal Commentaries of Peru</i> was returned to our Rare Books collection and will be available for use by researchers and classes for many years to come. To read more about the process of treating this book, visit <a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2020/03/super-size-me-book-conservation-variety.html" target="_blank">Part 1</a> and <a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2020/03/super-size-me-book-conservation-variety_24.html" target="_blank">Part 2</a> of this three part series.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbzwnLvzP1AkiWgiy9e2Uncw8ZMBJKPDcvzedjYjeDEXF3KMK6j9IH1C6V5TCj8WzO0k7R3ufS8ViywD7U-WmdKBRYpCSS9-YMaiORgpgG2TUTWARiZYs8IzIzZEiIjBr4i6BbmFodcJnI/s1600/tooled+lines.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1047" data-original-width="1600" height="417" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjbzwnLvzP1AkiWgiy9e2Uncw8ZMBJKPDcvzedjYjeDEXF3KMK6j9IH1C6V5TCj8WzO0k7R3ufS8ViywD7U-WmdKBRYpCSS9-YMaiORgpgG2TUTWARiZYs8IzIzZEiIjBr4i6BbmFodcJnI/s640/tooled+lines.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The cover leather was dampened to impress the lines. On the left, <br />it was still very damp. On the right it was beginning to dry</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-12896272903807477082020-03-24T10:01:00.001-04:002020-04-07T14:01:22.995-04:00Super Size Me: The Book Conservation Variety, Part 2In Part 1 of this series, we introduced a project to conserve <i>The Royal Commentaries of Peru</i> (RCP), a large leather volume. The book had to be disbound and required extensive mending prior to resewing the textblock. Please click <a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2020/03/super-size-me-book-conservation-variety.html" target="_blank">HERE</a> to read Part 1 of the series.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKRp8qNLJb98bPR6Zuk3Vx0LU29MluZAufpUhNS05br5tx6hdNyh_bf5XbZ6sEox7t4ehRyLz-wQTib6VadAHIf0m_0yV-dg37q6YTJDoCyb6xhReuVo1_05ocn7f6HCVdGc1edNbh1Bjc/s1600/IMG_1532.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1448" data-original-width="1600" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKRp8qNLJb98bPR6Zuk3Vx0LU29MluZAufpUhNS05br5tx6hdNyh_bf5XbZ6sEox7t4ehRyLz-wQTib6VadAHIf0m_0yV-dg37q6YTJDoCyb6xhReuVo1_05ocn7f6HCVdGc1edNbh1Bjc/s320/IMG_1532.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The book was sewn on cords, including new endsheets yet<br />
to be trimmed. The spine will be consolidated with paste <br />
and rounded to allow it to open properly.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
In Part 2, we will review sewing the endbands, board preparation (getting the cover boards ready to attach to the textblock), lacing the covers on, and lining the spine of the book in preparation for covering the book in leather.<br />
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Once the textblock leaves (single sheets) were guarded back into folios (two leaves mended together at the spine edge), and seated one inside the other to create two folio signatures (a gathering of several printed folios seated one inside the other), they were sewn together on cords. Next, the endbands needed to be sewn.<br />
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The original endbands were no longer attached when this book arrived in Preservation Services, so an endband style appropriate to the time period of the original printing of the book was selected.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEp1r7cgrKsFXBkVxPJwC5PG1JJ6FJmBudFtHVQCYtsYtX3KAvTVTxaZUDFjIsGXEHN2hJVJFZzjhVNbE9BtdD6IXWGIbv-R4XzNY-IHJhX3Wy0t-RB9LY7jquGQxrAKHt76vj5AMiec17/s1600/endband+in+progress+with+arrow.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1256" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEp1r7cgrKsFXBkVxPJwC5PG1JJ6FJmBudFtHVQCYtsYtX3KAvTVTxaZUDFjIsGXEHN2hJVJFZzjhVNbE9BtdD6IXWGIbv-R4XzNY-IHJhX3Wy0t-RB9LY7jquGQxrAKHt76vj5AMiec17/s320/endband+in+progress+with+arrow.jpg" width="251" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Endband sewing in progress. The thread wraps <br />
around the cord core and overlaps itself to<br />
create the bead indicated by the red arrow.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
A single-color primary endband (an endband that is tied down through the sections of the book to anchor it) sewn on a core of consolidated linen cord with a bead on the edge was selected. The term bead refers to the visible braid or twist of thread that sits between the textblock and the endband itself as indicated by the red arrow in the photograph of the endband sewing in progress.<br />
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The endbands are not integral in connecting the textblock pages together, but they can add additional strength and stability. There are many styles of endbands and many are much more decorative than this design, though it was selected in an effort to more accurately reflect endbands of the time period.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6MFhKYey4ACdU7HFLIaOCM8taNJppkwiLDBYN2C6qFuZeHw1sTphjsFMSvCXdkPULY1zHnZP1YOAPybZJxkPkzbv5-lZVjup3hJ_Clds21idwY8C1M0c0GTHfulexmCzb60U_gBSgWKLq/s1600/Endbands.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="641" data-original-width="1600" height="256" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi6MFhKYey4ACdU7HFLIaOCM8taNJppkwiLDBYN2C6qFuZeHw1sTphjsFMSvCXdkPULY1zHnZP1YOAPybZJxkPkzbv5-lZVjup3hJ_Clds21idwY8C1M0c0GTHfulexmCzb60U_gBSgWKLq/s640/Endbands.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">The endband after the book has been covered in leather.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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With the endbands sewn, a series of linings were applied to the spine of the book. Each lining may serve multiple functions, but each will assist in consolidating the pages together at the spine edge and providing support as the book is opened and closed. Linings that are too thin may allow the book to flop open too easily. Linings that are too thick can restrict the book from opening fully. In this treatment, three spine linings were applied. First, a release layer of Japanese tissue and rice starch paste was applied to consolidate the spine as well as provide a reversible layer for the rest of the spine linings to be removed from the spine should a future conservation treatment be necessary. Paste can be remoistened to loosen the first layer as opposed to applying a more permanent adhesive like PVA mentioned in Part 1 of this series of posts.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8PVYGasbAUhXvseF6dKT_6Z1VpWIiZ_qXpehXnC9JtpqhtqZv3N-vJr3mf7mc8clU5euaoV0ML5wF4j98iD16bh6rpTSWy028PS2jLnjbq4QIzZ8God-o7Jh_eAdHtTHG2YFRBaYpp1TP/s1600/before+and+after+release+lining.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="985" data-original-width="1600" height="245" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8PVYGasbAUhXvseF6dKT_6Z1VpWIiZ_qXpehXnC9JtpqhtqZv3N-vJr3mf7mc8clU5euaoV0ML5wF4j98iD16bh6rpTSWy028PS2jLnjbq4QIzZ8God-o7Jh_eAdHtTHG2YFRBaYpp1TP/s400/before+and+after+release+lining.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: Before release lining is applied. Right: After release <br />
lining of Japanese paper and rice starch paste is applied.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Second, an extension lining of Irish Linen fabric is attached to the spine and molded around the cords. Irish linen is used because it remains quite flexible and malleable once pasted, can be smoothed easily to dry without ridges, and it contains less acidic impurities that would cause it to break down over time. This lining is called an extension lining because there are flaps of fabric that extend onto the textblock beyond the width of the spine. Those extensions will eventually provide extra strength for the hinges as the book is opened and closed. If you look at the photographs closely, you will see that the linings extend just to the edge of the endbands at the head and tail. This creates another support attachment for the endbands.<br />
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The third and final spine lining prior to covering in leather was a layer of thin leather pasted hair side toward the spine (the smooth side rather than the suede-like side is pasted down). The leather, once dry, can be sanded to disguise ridges on the spine. If you look closely in the photograph, you will see ridges on the spine that have not yet been sanded away. Likewise the leather is darker in the center because it was still wet with paste.<br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3hFC4I5yN2x8VVwqqI5XzjHg95mkBfsxIRHs-94c0QQ73-9fUI76-McGHZFfma1M3u6bZpAAf5lwrm19DISSzwYUEvvnfQENBG3VIRG2k3FgJxTal03BRDvCMxuEnwqz-hMCPjL8FMiFK/s1600/second+and+third+linings.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1053" data-original-width="1600" height="419" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3hFC4I5yN2x8VVwqqI5XzjHg95mkBfsxIRHs-94c0QQ73-9fUI76-McGHZFfma1M3u6bZpAAf5lwrm19DISSzwYUEvvnfQENBG3VIRG2k3FgJxTal03BRDvCMxuEnwqz-hMCPjL8FMiFK/s640/second+and+third+linings.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: Irish linen extension lining is being applied. Right: thin layer of leather applied, which will be trimmed to the<br />
height of the book and sanded to create a smooth spine once it is dry. The darker area is where it is still wet.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
The next step after spine linings and sanding was to prepare the cover boards. Unfortunately, most of the steps of board preparation were not documented in photographs. For those with some bookbinding knowledge, two thicknesses of .80 board were laminated to achieve a board thickness appropriate for the textblock. The interior of the boards were lined with text weight paper to counteract the pull of the leather to be attached on the outside. When the leather is moistened with paste during covering, it will shrink as it dries, which has a tendency to cause the boards to flare outward rather than bending slightly inward to "cup" the textblock. This inner lining of paper helps to counteract the pull of the shrinking leather.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRZF3OSQCFQU6I-mkTWpk6SzKz8M2JMMTrmWOWfbhgT5tbYqYu-2kOQOw6evsDkgQaKTkFPOvOkinKs_X4QL32YYpM0S8irTAevDu3o0ONpMZlfemV5zF4Y3Ljl6lKKQiwN-roCWFOTVb-/s1600/preparing+boards+and+fraying+cords+with+arrow+indicating+back+cornering.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="799" data-original-width="1600" height="316" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRZF3OSQCFQU6I-mkTWpk6SzKz8M2JMMTrmWOWfbhgT5tbYqYu-2kOQOw6evsDkgQaKTkFPOvOkinKs_X4QL32YYpM0S8irTAevDu3o0ONpMZlfemV5zF4Y3Ljl6lKKQiwN-roCWFOTVb-/s640/preparing+boards+and+fraying+cords+with+arrow+indicating+back+cornering.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: Punching holes to lace cords through, pencil lines roughly indicate where channels will be carved, <br />
red arrow indicates back cornering (trimming board to accommodate the thickness of leather in the hinge <br />
as it opens). Right: Fraying the cords in preparation to lace through the boards. The tips <br />
will be pasted into points to make it easier to thread through the holes.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
Once laminated and lined, the boards undergo further refinement. The outer head, tail, and fore edges of the boards are sanded to create more of a gentle slope from the center portion of the board to the edges (imagine a more subtle version of a pillow form). Likewise, the boards are placed in position and marked according to the location of the cords extending from the textblock. Holes are drilled along with some small channels from the holes to the edge of the board. In the photograph of punching holes into the boards, the pencil lines roughly indicate where the channels will be carved. These channels will accommodate the cords once they are laced through the covers.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLtamhzBJ4of3XLXaKtOvZuVtLQCsNpPwLeh1INzVAvfOEe1M5h7m4P0wniTsbwUdfcUMBaKdtfuNpCwWGUKUcromEilZq813uAqk-Nm6LryGdlrgoP9Sp08IZiA8gHkY0eC0HhpWb9nkP/s1600/cords+laced+through+board.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1374" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiLtamhzBJ4of3XLXaKtOvZuVtLQCsNpPwLeh1INzVAvfOEe1M5h7m4P0wniTsbwUdfcUMBaKdtfuNpCwWGUKUcromEilZq813uAqk-Nm6LryGdlrgoP9Sp08IZiA8gHkY0eC0HhpWb9nkP/s320/cords+laced+through+board.jpg" width="274" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">View of the inside cover once the cords have been<br />
laced through, but not yet trimmed and pasted flat.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The cords are first frayed before lacing through the cover boards. The fraying allows the binder to flatten the cords into the channels as well as to the lay the ends flat on the inside of the boards so that there are no lumps under the leather on the outside or the endsheets on the inside. Once the cords are frayed, a bit of paste is applied to the ends and dried to shape them into points that can be threaded through the drilled holes. The photograph to the right shows the cords on the inside of the cover board before the pasted points have been trimmed off. The shorter tips extending from the boards are then repasted and smoothed flat to the boards, which results in securing the board as well as disguising the lump of cord. Endsheets will eventually cover the exposed, flattened cords.<br />
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There are many steps to preparing a book to be covered in leather. Those steps are referred to as "forwarding". Sometimes, the leather covering is also included in the term forwarding depending on which binder you ask. Please stay tuned for a post about that final step in the process.<br />
<br />
In <i><a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2020/04/super-size-me-book-conservation-variety.html" target="_blank">Super Size Me: The Book Conservation Variety, Part 3</a></i>, our final post about this conservation treatment, we will review covering the book in leather, reapplying the original label, and blind tooling a panel on the front and back covers.Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-56426079360800009522020-03-18T10:05:00.001-04:002020-03-25T16:36:01.223-04:00Super Size Me: The Book Conservation Variety, Part 1<h4>
<i style="font-weight: normal;">In the coming weeks, we will be publishing a series of posts documenting the extensive treatment of one very large leather bound volume. Following is Part 1 of the series.</i></h4>
<div>
<i style="font-weight: normal;"><br /></i></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrYhF-MU0Irhe45jzx_LDRLkfzT4qB5Vjy2aNJeGR77mSZPhrqGRSvMWgGbaHkkSoAMh3nnsRA-LGHrBDqxUP_U0JVkkCC_BZmnrSJhWCbSfxs7yyjy0r4B8aauFfYAaI4QfMt83F-KbNm/s1600/RCP+Before.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1178" data-original-width="1600" height="468" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrYhF-MU0Irhe45jzx_LDRLkfzT4qB5Vjy2aNJeGR77mSZPhrqGRSvMWgGbaHkkSoAMh3nnsRA-LGHrBDqxUP_U0JVkkCC_BZmnrSJhWCbSfxs7yyjy0r4B8aauFfYAaI4QfMt83F-KbNm/s640/RCP+Before.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>The Royal Commentaries of Peru, </i>1688,<i> </i>before treatment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<i>The Royal Commentaries of Peru</i> (RCP) by Garcilaso de la Vega (1539-1616), published in 1688, is a large volume covering some of the history of the Incas, including their government and laws and the Spanish invasion of their countries. The RCP landed in Preservation Services having already received multiple repairs and treatments over its lifetime, including a Polyvinyl Acetate (PVA, similar to common white glue) adhesive applied to parts of the leather cover, leather patches, and a strip of adhesive tape to mend the exterior hinge.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg63aYB3sN3-bGyCf49sJUQNU-Cmtuwh4C45rxs-FJNHZTODXuLbQjUPAc3-UqStiLWMi-m2ETLtrnkP4A88-vsWIH4hrb4RNyrOdGKYkinlAUDrk5CXiSTNOUOqM5NRVyIpxALpWY9Msa-/s1600/Documenting+damage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1372" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg63aYB3sN3-bGyCf49sJUQNU-Cmtuwh4C45rxs-FJNHZTODXuLbQjUPAc3-UqStiLWMi-m2ETLtrnkP4A88-vsWIH4hrb4RNyrOdGKYkinlAUDrk5CXiSTNOUOqM5NRVyIpxALpWY9Msa-/s400/Documenting+damage.jpg" width="342" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Before treatment, the textblock was split and <br />
the book had received multiple repairs</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Likewise, the book showed signs of extensive use, such as well worn foreedge corners, scratched and worn leather, and broken hinges. The textblock sewing was broken in places and the the textblock was in multiple sections. The binding was a tight back leather binding, so the leather rested against the spine edge of the text with minimal spine linings between the leather and paper.<br />
<br />
Due to the PVA adhesive applied to the spine, the first section of the book was restricted from properly opening. Adding insult to injury, the book was originally printed and bound with the paper grain running perpendicular rather than parallel to the spine. As mentioned in an <a href="https://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2018/03/paper-grain-enhances-or-impedes.html" target="_blank">earlier blog post</a>, the grain direction of the paper can affect how well the book opens and whether the pages drape or lay flat for easy reading. There isn't much to be done about the paper grain direction once a book is printed and bound, but there are a few techniques to lessen the impact and improve the function of the book.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5jU6ODTpNxTYJ5gictL_sGx89TwA75NJ6IBCvWYgGdoxdTOIH-YdHmO1FMRbUnNx_prKLVbZfFL8hAp0M47gCrDlLtKBosDOSQUDGIkVGIe_5t9hSazSw7iRMW9do8NqzOYHfn10LUnsX/s1600/PVA+fail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="803" data-original-width="1600" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5jU6ODTpNxTYJ5gictL_sGx89TwA75NJ6IBCvWYgGdoxdTOIH-YdHmO1FMRbUnNx_prKLVbZfFL8hAp0M47gCrDlLtKBosDOSQUDGIkVGIe_5t9hSazSw7iRMW9do8NqzOYHfn10LUnsX/s640/PVA+fail.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PVA adhesive applied to the spine restricted the opening of the pages</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0WcdzRIL0adJpSfP7OyJvCc-F_9xkSSwf-jVx1fN_Vcl1e3nPcX-ndrZFkabznwko9q6objwMU6-dIZEQ1HJI_wLSo4-LYt_myBF6Zo_68ZtPYAYk9UdpwGln3zSsG3w1qIO7DaV0eEBY/s1600/Detail+of+leather+patch+on+cover.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0WcdzRIL0adJpSfP7OyJvCc-F_9xkSSwf-jVx1fN_Vcl1e3nPcX-ndrZFkabznwko9q6objwMU6-dIZEQ1HJI_wLSo4-LYt_myBF6Zo_68ZtPYAYk9UdpwGln3zSsG3w1qIO7DaV0eEBY/s320/Detail+of+leather+patch+on+cover.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A leather patch and PVA adhesive had been <br />
applied during previous repairs</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
We do our best to conduct the least invasive conservation treatment that will stabilize a book and improve its function. Our goal is to maintain as much of the original item and experience as possible. In the case of RCP, we decided the best path forward would be to remove it from its damaged binding, which had already received numerous treatments, some more effective than others. The leather was too brittle and some of the treatments were partially irreversible, so a new binding was the best way to proceed.<br />
<br />
The first step in the process was removing the covers and cleaning the spine. The original leather label was carefully lifted by facing it with Japanese tissue and Klucel-G (a leather consolidant). Because the label was very brittle, the facing tissue provided the strength and stability needed to lift it from the spine.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwDfb8b9gd_CVlbYCiyNq8aMNUiYS0Urf7lVAQxsYBi6-0pgcedX0VTEeEm8z7TW1ImWYRyjsBvV5n82Z5RNGqQwJ1WMvR8B9wLeNhEuXbHou2aXzr-eBR2zjm4-TrLHByp_rkTF8N08vy/s1600/lifting+label.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="782" data-original-width="1600" height="312" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiwDfb8b9gd_CVlbYCiyNq8aMNUiYS0Urf7lVAQxsYBi6-0pgcedX0VTEeEm8z7TW1ImWYRyjsBvV5n82Z5RNGqQwJ1WMvR8B9wLeNhEuXbHou2aXzr-eBR2zjm4-TrLHByp_rkTF8N08vy/s640/lifting+label.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Prior to cleaning the spine, the original leather label was lifted by <br />
facing it with Japanese paper and Klucel-G, a leather consolidant</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
The spine was cleaned by mechanically removing easily friable layers, followed by the application of a poultice of rice starch paste to soften the old adhesive. Once the spine was cleaned, it was clear that previous repairs had disguised much of the damage to the spine edges of almost all the folios. Thus, an extensive guarding project was at hand. Guarding is the process of attaching two paper leaves at their spine edges with a strip of Japanese paper and starch paste. The folios can then be sewn through the fold to reconstruct the text block.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIhTfO54p4OB4_7W_7vOJnXmscpHbhVO-in-5vSrHjXRWD0xI3ENlK9AcnYsPTOcrvGeKwrajNGM48hntuyXQ_9UN-3HzcyGUT1WMyvP13akB67_i14XvXj8zZB0mUizD6RLDaWADwfDiR/s1600/Guarding.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="854" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIhTfO54p4OB4_7W_7vOJnXmscpHbhVO-in-5vSrHjXRWD0xI3ENlK9AcnYsPTOcrvGeKwrajNGM48hntuyXQ_9UN-3HzcyGUT1WMyvP13akB67_i14XvXj8zZB0mUizD6RLDaWADwfDiR/s400/Guarding.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: Separate leaves waiting to be guarded<br />
Right: Stacked sections of the textblock already mended and ready to sew</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
RCP is just over 1000 pages and almost every folio needed guarding. Needless to say, this phase of the project was time-consuming. But, slowly and over time, the stack of leaves became a stack of guarded folios.<br />
<br />
Once the text block was fully mended, sewing commenced. In order to minimize the swell produced when thread is sewn through every section (a section is several folios seated one inside the other), the book was sewn in a pattern called "two on". Just as it sounds, two sections are added at a time and the thread alternates from one section to the other so that half the amount of thread goes through any one section. This keeps the spine edge of the book from being disproportionately larger than the foreedge of the book.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzsvJvLJ7flIPr_C2-tThzjOk0voB47kQhGiB1ImR-lYg1n08A2y1PjMjM2DCFgWOnGBsXjjZQqnZGRnvK-PawH4nsvAgLKcdqNp-hDtNV7iK3yGlbEoqM76tb27M2REm8Xls9BfXrulAD/s1600/sewing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="659" data-original-width="1600" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhzsvJvLJ7flIPr_C2-tThzjOk0voB47kQhGiB1ImR-lYg1n08A2y1PjMjM2DCFgWOnGBsXjjZQqnZGRnvK-PawH4nsvAgLKcdqNp-hDtNV7iK3yGlbEoqM76tb27M2REm8Xls9BfXrulAD/s640/sewing.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A sewing frame was used to support the cords while the sections are sewn together along the length of the spine</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
The book was sewn on cords. For a particularly large book such as this (roughly 8.5"W x 13.5"H x 3"D), the cords provide extra strength and support as the book is handled. By guarding the folios and resewing the book, it has become much more functional for the reader as it flexes open more easily and is much stronger than before, not to mention it is in one piece again!<br />
<br />
<i><br /></i>
<i>Stay tuned for <b><a href="http://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2020/03/super-size-me-book-conservation-variety_24.html" target="_blank">Super Size Me: The Book Conservation Variety, Part 2</a></b> to follow the steps of sewing endbands, board preparation, and lacing the covers to the textblock.</i>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-45464130787604879312019-11-01T09:05:00.003-04:002019-11-01T09:06:28.301-04:00In the Basement: Conservation, Preservation, and Restoration in ProgressDown in the Walter Clinton Jackson Library’s basement, you will find more than just that oh so famous doughnut. This is where you will find preservation and conservation being performed on your favourite library materials. This includes not only the materials in Jackson Library, but the music scores and manuscripts housed in the Harold Schiffman Music Library, located in the College of Visual and Performing Arts. As the keepers of UNCG’s collections, we aim to prolong the life of our materials and their informational content. <br />
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9X_xJaw0S5sYkGkSDLtUt0XiZJtY6Zq01hRj5JEjZK-XqJb3w98astMwxFgNxBvN60WN1JsNmagqOBQmCZfSySIRMDuG2f8fkrWrm49k5Fg8l2WXqrVsywQc_Zzzw23wHZjXD0rzikGaj/s1600/head+bookshelf.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="619" data-original-width="774" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9X_xJaw0S5sYkGkSDLtUt0XiZJtY6Zq01hRj5JEjZK-XqJb3w98astMwxFgNxBvN60WN1JsNmagqOBQmCZfSySIRMDuG2f8fkrWrm49k5Fg8l2WXqrVsywQc_Zzzw23wHZjXD0rzikGaj/s320/head+bookshelf.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Image: Studiovin at Shutterstock Free Images</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Library preservation encompasses everything which serves to prolong the life of the items in the collection. In our collection at Jackson Library, this encompasses everything from books, maps, reference materials, periodicals, and journals, to documents, university archives, special collections and of course our beloved, elderly doughnut.<br />
<br />
You may be wondering exactly what preservation, conservation, and restoration is and how it keeps the library filled with the seemingly never-ending selection of books to indulge in. In fact, Jackson Library holds over 2.19 million printed books, archives, federal and state documents, all of which we are responsible for providing the care and conservation. Down in room 61, we use methods of conservation, restoration, and preservation that have been around for centuries to maintain our collections and keep them accessible to students, professors, and the public.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJrVeBanG45EdXO8-BLliP63kat8DXAL6uChCsJpJrR1p7gMIRvAxuHtrJ551tLsfNnZidagTLWVHgS5nsWw1bvWB39H4pUTwW4CQdBE5LNh4b7sWdWPckI7T-UAgHy6kjO_x1D0O0JsrN/s1600/doughnut.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="629" data-original-width="512" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJrVeBanG45EdXO8-BLliP63kat8DXAL6uChCsJpJrR1p7gMIRvAxuHtrJ551tLsfNnZidagTLWVHgS5nsWw1bvWB39H4pUTwW4CQdBE5LNh4b7sWdWPckI7T-UAgHy6kjO_x1D0O0JsrN/s320/doughnut.jpg" width="259" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">UNCG University Libraries' <br />
infamous 39 year old doughnut</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The majority of the damage to our books (that is not due to natural ageing), is due to mishandling. Actions such as removing books from the shelf by pulling the top of the spine, forcing the books to open wider than the spine structure allows, using pens and highlighters, and sticking post-it notes to pages, all cause unnecessary and preventable harm. This lack of basic care can lead to the rapid deterioration of the items in our collection. Prevention is the best way to keep collection damage to a minimum and prolong the lives of our books and resources.<br />
<br />
Damage prevention can be classed under the umbrella of passive conservation and preservation. Preservation is defined by the British Library as “all managerial, technical and financial considerations applied to retard deterioration and extend the useful life of (collection) materials to ensure their continued availability.” The preservation of materials in the library consists of controlling the handling, storage, disaster response, pests, light, pollution, temperature and humidity. Of course, the books and materials in our collections will experience the effects of natural aging and will need intervention due to this, but we slow the deterioration and extend the usable lives of these items by controlling the environment they are housed in and preparing accordingly for potential disasters. <br />
<br />
This process of preservation is a non-invasive way of protecting the collection - it does not alter the books or materials. Preventing mould, insects, nibbling vermin, water damage, and other elements that can lead to the demise of a book is the first line of defense against collection loss. This preventative approach is regarded as the most effective way of maintaining an object’s health and achieving overall longevity.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1LUeGf-hZDi2yXeFIcP7C1Drd2jXTfez2XnHcLlxdIH2yH6ivOiaCft2HMNBHmbI7K3iu2aEJ5K2iVBbH8joRycgX8ai6Q7FV1Hv5hsnBdXnsr34n6sos09W2Y0607-JWni_mN8E8qMKj/s1600/book.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="422" data-original-width="842" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1LUeGf-hZDi2yXeFIcP7C1Drd2jXTfez2XnHcLlxdIH2yH6ivOiaCft2HMNBHmbI7K3iu2aEJ5K2iVBbH8joRycgX8ai6Q7FV1Hv5hsnBdXnsr34n6sos09W2Y0607-JWni_mN8E8qMKj/s400/book.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
The American Institute for the Conservation of Historic and Artistic Works (AIC), defines Conservation as being, “The profession devoted to the preservation of cultural property for the future. Conservation activities include examination, documentation, treatment, and preventative care, supported by research and education.”<br />
<br />
In the Library, conservation encompasses the activities of active treatment. These repairs are structural and ultimately serve to prolong the life of the book. Decisions on the repair of bookbindings consist of considering the structural integrity, usage, function, and its historical importance.<br />
<br />
Book conservation also includes the disbinding, surface cleaning, deacidification, mending and guarding of pages, as well as re-sewing and the repair of text blocks. It’s important to note that the role of a book conservator isn’t to make an old book look brand new again, but to make it suitable for use. Mindell Dubansky, head of book conservation at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, stated in an interview in 2018, “I’m not going to rebind a book because it’s old and beat-up, I treasure the fact that its old and beat-up. What I’m going to try to do is repair all the parts that are vulnerable to make it functional.” <br />
<br />
Occasionally, our books and materials are in need of restorative work. Restoration is the process of returning the book to as close to the original condition as possible.<br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicaEJdstxff2MbbrPnG0vL-eaKoMyDLSqetcj1_Ka41t2cqn8ebeu055G6lCbiH-653eKf2iOzWTTbWg4jSYox01Ml67czc4g6K47_MJAQBul7nFvPclB4u7rR5Zie8E3m9uVK8XVQ2VM7/s1600/broken+spine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="437" data-original-width="441" height="317" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicaEJdstxff2MbbrPnG0vL-eaKoMyDLSqetcj1_Ka41t2cqn8ebeu055G6lCbiH-653eKf2iOzWTTbWg4jSYox01Ml67czc4g6K47_MJAQBul7nFvPclB4u7rR5Zie8E3m9uVK8XVQ2VM7/s320/broken+spine.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Broken spine of a leather bound book</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
This includes restoring bindings, book covers, stain removal, rebuilding missing parts, and refinishing. The process of book restoration is built on the foundation of reflecting the original way the book was bound for publication. The methods of restoration overlap with the those of conservation but entail a more invasive intervention. Unlike conservation, restoration work includes both cosmetic and structural repair and is concerned with more than just function. When doing restoration work on a book, there is a deep consideration of not just the functionality of the book but also how the book was presented at publishing.<br />
<br />
There is an apparent overlap in the processes of preserving, conserving, and restoring library materials, which contributes to the ongoing debate over the usage of them. The main difference, I would say, is in the intention of the repair and the desired outcome. At Jackson Library, we employ these terms to keep our collections well maintained and accessible for the public.<br />
<br />
<i>by Georgia Barrett, current UNCG student and Preservation Services student employee</i><br />
<br />
__________________<br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;">References:</span><br />
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span>
<br />
<div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<!--[if supportFields]><span
lang=EN-GB><span style='mso-element:field-begin'></span><span
style='mso-spacerun:yes'> </span>BIBLIOGRAPHY <span style='mso-element:field-separator'></span></span><![endif]--><span style="font-size: x-small;"><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;">Bendix, Caroline. "Preservation
Advisory Centre." <i>Damaged Books.</i> British Library, 2010.</span></span><span lang="EN-GB" style="line-height: 107%;"><o:p></o:p></span><span lang="EN-GB"><w:sdtpr></w:sdtpr></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-GB"><span style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Northeast Document Conservation Center. <i>Book
Conservation.</i> n.d. nedcc.org/book-conservation/about.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Pearson, David, John Mumford, and Alison
Walker. "Preservation Advisory Centre." <i>Bookbindings.</i> British
Library, 2010.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-size: x-small;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoBibliography" style="margin-left: .5in; text-indent: -.5in;">
<span lang="EN-GB" style="mso-no-proof: yes;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Walker, Alison. "Preservation
Advisory Centre." <i>Basic Preservation for Library and Archive Collections.</i>
British Library, 2013.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<w:sdt bibliography="t" id="-573587230">
</w:sdt><br />
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Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-78285047783887425172019-09-25T14:44:00.001-04:002019-09-25T14:44:32.833-04:00Library is to Museum as Paper is to Book...<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Have you ever considered that your favourite library could be a sort of museum? When we consider the extensive collections, occasional exhibits, book talks, and in-house conservation work, we find there are many similarities in purpose and programming between the two institutions.</span><br />
<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNLJnA7SvRMEEx9Pd-NpYd8ZQ68YjIWrDf7rWk9NnOp0TU-4OwIuaP1KKLhdJTgSqusz8CxkYYsf_297RXVCiy9meCN8gKTBrVn3HaGBjwFCQC4ss4n4pBvgMEF14XR5QThnTSMxk9G4x7/s1600/LibraryofAlexandria.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="654" data-original-width="1000" height="260" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNLJnA7SvRMEEx9Pd-NpYd8ZQ68YjIWrDf7rWk9NnOp0TU-4OwIuaP1KKLhdJTgSqusz8CxkYYsf_297RXVCiy9meCN8gKTBrVn3HaGBjwFCQC4ss4n4pBvgMEF14XR5QThnTSMxk9G4x7/s400/LibraryofAlexandria.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Ancient Library of Alexandria, Mouseion at Alexandria.<br />Image: http://www.crystalinks.com/libraryofalexandria.html</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue", arial, helvetica, sans-serif;">The modern museum is defined by the American Alliance of Museums (AAM) as, "An organized and permanent nonprofit institution, essentially education or esthetic in a purpose, with professional staff, that owns or uses tangible objects, cares for them and exhibits them to the public on some regular schedule." You must only enter a library to notice how this definition of museum is applicable and well suited to a public library.</span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /><br />But to really understand the deeper relationship between a library and museum we must look at the origins of this institution.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As we delve into the archives, we discover the earliest description of a museum being a place where the muses dwell. Muses were goddesses that inspired the arts, history, and science which was monumental in paving the way for exploration, discovery, and creativity. Pre-dating the word 'museum', these institutions were known as mouseions.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiZaWRWQWMyE1oEE0CmkXJ3UCU55Wv7QBDe0Xbj5ek-jN32CnWFhKXuh3WMTb0wP8jUMnTKLhQ-_cU-JoraxeMw-oGvOqrZHCoYAg5WXdCjsbVOsS93gzh6FYNHnCCI0NeWHAjyBOd927i/s1600/UNCG+Campus.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="345" data-original-width="590" height="233" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiZaWRWQWMyE1oEE0CmkXJ3UCU55Wv7QBDe0Xbj5ek-jN32CnWFhKXuh3WMTb0wP8jUMnTKLhQ-_cU-JoraxeMw-oGvOqrZHCoYAg5WXdCjsbVOsS93gzh6FYNHnCCI0NeWHAjyBOd927i/s400/UNCG+Campus.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">UNC Greensboro Campus. Image: https://uc.uncg.edu/prod/cweekly/<br />2013/04/09/takesurveyonmasterplan/041013feature_masterplan/</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This third century establishment was a place of knowledge and inspiration, which draws on parallels to the modern-day university.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As a university library, our mission reflects the original undertaking Ptolemy Soter realized by founding the mouseion. This museum-library relationship emphasizes the importance of conserving objects and history, whilst making them available for educational use. I must also mention that as restoration, conservation, and preservation have evolved and developed scientifically, the responsibility of these modern-day institutions to keep history alive has grown.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrZZiS0Zuen9dnym-bs1y-WobVqM2gKt988XPAdwseuLBJfxzOoemO8qmX9HH1O2ghLgobfJUiA6Lcw5jr7W9vKR5hwBBY-UFySmnYI3BlHyYWyY5Gu0IbUK_GXgr357FoT6psEgkFGcFw/s1600/UNCG+Exhibits.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="198" data-original-width="255" height="248" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjrZZiS0Zuen9dnym-bs1y-WobVqM2gKt988XPAdwseuLBJfxzOoemO8qmX9HH1O2ghLgobfJUiA6Lcw5jr7W9vKR5hwBBY-UFySmnYI3BlHyYWyY5Gu0IbUK_GXgr357FoT6psEgkFGcFw/s320/UNCG+Exhibits.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">UNC Greensboro University Libraries Exhibit.<br />https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/exhibits/current_exhibits.aspx</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Here in Preservation Services we continue to preserve, conserve, and restore items that are valuable to our collection, our patrons, and our community. Much like a museum, we want to keep our collections accessible and available for use. Through various methods of preventative conservation, passive conservation, active conservation, and restoration we aim to increase the longevity of our books, music scores, and the various items you will find in our collections.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We will let you decide if a library is a museum, but next time you visit, consider the care, history, and significance of the items in our collection.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Written by: Georgia Barrett</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>Georgia is a current UNC Greensboro student and she works in Preservation Services.</i></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">______________________________________________________________________</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Resource:</span><br />
<span style="font-family: Helvetica Neue, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: x-small;">Latham, K.F., & Simmons, J.E. (2014). Foundations of museum studies: Evolving systems of knowledge. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-36430179938753297572019-07-29T08:46:00.002-04:002019-07-29T08:46:59.601-04:00Leather Binding Repair: One Method of Board Reattachment<div class="MsoNormal">
Leather has been used in bookbinding since the Medieval Era,
but remains in use today, though often reserved for fine bindings. It is an
ideal material for bookbinding due to its strength and flexibility as well as
its receptivity to decoration, such as tooling or stamping. Depending on the
tanning method (how the leather is treated once harvested from the animal) and
what kind of environmental exposure it has endured, leather may last for
centuries.<br />
<br />
When leather is used in a bookbinding, one of the common
areas it can fail is at the hinge of the book where the front or back cover is
connected to the spine of the book. Since the cover flexes in that area, the
leather may crack or split over time. We regularly have books submitted to
Preservation Services for repair because the leather covers are detached.
Following is one such example and how we reattached the covers. <br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG6h1Oko8Tcbp3qhmE96tCS4KEzDIa0SsHvCUpbOS8zL-olvtbRumiA4IXr2I3qyKwWRYmM3_ztXFDBNDrgKeAl6a9ldxaLHowm2HOQTUXxpf2IM-Gsqram2LLOjX1T7VQlmmU8KWELtAU/s1600/IMG_0751.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG6h1Oko8Tcbp3qhmE96tCS4KEzDIa0SsHvCUpbOS8zL-olvtbRumiA4IXr2I3qyKwWRYmM3_ztXFDBNDrgKeAl6a9ldxaLHowm2HOQTUXxpf2IM-Gsqram2LLOjX1T7VQlmmU8KWELtAU/s400/IMG_0751.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Detached cover - a common issue with leather bindings</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
There are several different methods for reattaching the
covers on leather bindings. The following method was chosen because this book
was a tight back binding, meaning that the spine of the cover is directly
adhered to the spine of the textblock. This is opposed to a hollow back
binding, in which the spine of the cover flexes away from the spine of the
textblock (it is not directly adhered). In a tight back binding, it is
sometimes very difficult to lift the leather away from the textblock beneath
because the leather is often quite brittle when it is older.<br />
<br />
For a small leather tight back binding, it is sometimes an
adequate method of reattachment to create a patch of Japanese paper along the
hinge of the spine and the cover. It can be reinforced with a similar patch on
the inside of the cover along the hinge. However, for a larger book with
thicker or heavier covers, it is necessary to make a stronger attachment.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgReZC_z36M-hinCxEm8GQa31MSkDeZb6HaSJ1cDfO169UPP5Ds2DXp8Ob-CaHt-wCAG-yLCkJT70a1yxRhe5Fyy2vTCn-oTgn_GwV3PlBgGoq8cAiCBvvBQKglo754Gb-TQ-Knq4_BY2Xh/s1600/IMG_0753.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgReZC_z36M-hinCxEm8GQa31MSkDeZb6HaSJ1cDfO169UPP5Ds2DXp8Ob-CaHt-wCAG-yLCkJT70a1yxRhe5Fyy2vTCn-oTgn_GwV3PlBgGoq8cAiCBvvBQKglo754Gb-TQ-Knq4_BY2Xh/s400/IMG_0753.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Piercing through a sewing station to the exterior of the spine</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Since this book was a tight back, the leather was brittle,
and it is a larger book with heavier covers, I chose to reattach the covers by
piercing the spine. This is a more invasive version of board reattachment that
I might have avoided for a more rare or otherwise special book. It is not ideal to
pierce through the leather, but it does create a very strong attachment and can
be disguised aesthetically with toned Japanese paper.</div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPlc0Itv4GPzPyIIi8EZ4XlpGjti00O6OY4z9jwDmzg3cIIJ6dlTCLWEggCsKhx3yExegktLpEPZvOdljoJx99uKfaTHL0BCvxyS2S0ZWYMmBf9eJaTaz4rk2EtiC_0kULGlAnVxzH-0kr/s1600/IMG_0758.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgPlc0Itv4GPzPyIIi8EZ4XlpGjti00O6OY4z9jwDmzg3cIIJ6dlTCLWEggCsKhx3yExegktLpEPZvOdljoJx99uKfaTHL0BCvxyS2S0ZWYMmBf9eJaTaz4rk2EtiC_0kULGlAnVxzH-0kr/s400/IMG_0758.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Once cord is threaded through the spine, <br />the leather is lifted</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br />
First, I opened the textblock to the center of the first
signature (signatures are groups of printed sheets folded in half, one inside
the other). From there, I inserted a needle vise into a pair of sewing holes
and out through the spine. I inserted thread through those holes to create a "U" shape through the spine with
the ends extending outside the book. I repeated this step at another pair of
sewing holes inside the same signature so that the board would be reattached
from two locations along the spine.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOG4QB2vTVZiELIB7tkdUn_VBckZyxJMSzcTDnbhU-Cgq4WVPHpfIxXg7yOmeQvfnjbNrk3erFBfFqvZ7icwBkJaFI0KDo1Qk3_JUuhi-pOlGQrT-CTVcErji4an8bDB_JLwXpOTSPJIbw/s1600/IMG_0760.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOG4QB2vTVZiELIB7tkdUn_VBckZyxJMSzcTDnbhU-Cgq4WVPHpfIxXg7yOmeQvfnjbNrk3erFBfFqvZ7icwBkJaFI0KDo1Qk3_JUuhi-pOlGQrT-CTVcErji4an8bDB_JLwXpOTSPJIbw/s400/IMG_0760.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The cords are trimmed, frayed and tucked under the leather</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBWAI5gNfu8AfwBTkxvt8LO-yx5xZNsDdyw6Rtfg-v7gbvi02cRiuka3rxDF7QG4rI7bd5Nosx5BZnfASDRXlGCllxMn_DGtNmffK0AbJmWvqch27iBlE_1f47aMAPwONmT04oIt71VViz/s1600/IMG_0761.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBWAI5gNfu8AfwBTkxvt8LO-yx5xZNsDdyw6Rtfg-v7gbvi02cRiuka3rxDF7QG4rI7bd5Nosx5BZnfASDRXlGCllxMn_DGtNmffK0AbJmWvqch27iBlE_1f47aMAPwONmT04oIt71VViz/s400/IMG_0761.JPG" width="300" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Leather is readhered to the cover with the cords<br />sandwiched between</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
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<br />
I was able to carefully lift the leather from the board
along the spine edge of the book covers. After trimming to the right length, I
frayed the ends of the thread or cord so they could be splayed out and would
lay flatter once adhered to the cover between the leather and board. Then, I
applied adhesive to reattach the leather to the board with the frayed cord
sandwiched in between. This method provides a much stronger attachment than
just a bridge or patch of Japanese paper along the hinge. However, the Japanese
paper was added afterward as an added layer of strength and to disguise the
mend. A patch of toned Japanese paper was also used on the inside of the cover
along the hinge.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRwptEcQejXaT783E0EgG5l7WnJAMKRbzJguCeSM5YwJ26AypLtpG6OlZsw3L-_ndtUbpzEVOUaqoyiPNj45CR0Gox_sSatPOQrMDfmPC2mSMTIaNp6zmKvHqESt8emOZBz47dAetIgYpF/s1600/IMG-0786+%25282%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1190" data-original-width="1600" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRwptEcQejXaT783E0EgG5l7WnJAMKRbzJguCeSM5YwJ26AypLtpG6OlZsw3L-_ndtUbpzEVOUaqoyiPNj45CR0Gox_sSatPOQrMDfmPC2mSMTIaNp6zmKvHqESt8emOZBz47dAetIgYpF/s400/IMG-0786+%25282%2529.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Toned Japanese paper adhered along the exterior hinge <br />to add strength to the mend as well as to disguise it</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic66T4hK49-BoygYUqfO_Krw0w-IHJ95ZXnScLAN7VNGogbpnJl8000cb4WiTUwY39dAwWKmAReSrfV-Z523Fep6-N_VwayfPuh9rW_KeELlLjid1ZvIx31WpQxGvWk1KL-eM6qx0b459P/s1600/IMG-0785+%25282%2529.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1238" data-original-width="1600" height="308" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEic66T4hK49-BoygYUqfO_Krw0w-IHJ95ZXnScLAN7VNGogbpnJl8000cb4WiTUwY39dAwWKmAReSrfV-Z523Fep6-N_VwayfPuh9rW_KeELlLjid1ZvIx31WpQxGvWk1KL-eM6qx0b459P/s400/IMG-0785+%25282%2529.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Toned Japanese paper adhered along the exterior hinge <br />to add strength to the mend as well as to disguise it</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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All of the above steps were performed on both the front and
back covers, then the book was returned to circulation for patrons to use as
needed.</div>
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<br />
A very special thanks is due to conservator Jeff Peachey for
his workshop I attended on Leather Board Reattachments at Emory University
Libraries' Preservation Lab in November, 2018.</div>
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<br />Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-63556419304838137912019-03-28T06:00:00.000-04:002019-03-28T07:43:37.523-04:00Preservation: An Ounce of Prevention...<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; margin-left: 1em; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgREqLYZZR4ZAE-Rry32FmkH5h_swmiZ-cAxUaNW56fctQF2VD-WMM02ch4g2mH7rVVVXr-AB3AaTuf1TJcJXi5EXZPir-DbWvPJ9PgUf_MWdcYSLgUdljO7kDrgtaLLwHLYDOTjyQx9GTH/s1600/enclosures.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1344" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgREqLYZZR4ZAE-Rry32FmkH5h_swmiZ-cAxUaNW56fctQF2VD-WMM02ch4g2mH7rVVVXr-AB3AaTuf1TJcJXi5EXZPir-DbWvPJ9PgUf_MWdcYSLgUdljO7kDrgtaLLwHLYDOTjyQx9GTH/s320/enclosures.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: Prefabricated document boxes; Right: Custom-fitted <br />
enclosures for some of the scrapbooks in our collection</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
As Benjamin Franklin suggested, "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." <br />
<br />
A lot of what we have discussed on our blog to date is related to the conservation treatments that we execute, which is only part of Preservation. We take a number of steps daily as part of our overall Preservation program to aid in preventing damage and to prolong the life of our collections. <br />
<br />
The way items are stored is part of our overall Preservation program to ensure the longevity of our collections. Many of the items in <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">UNC Greensboro's Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives</a> (SCUA) are quite stable as is and can be housed on appropriate shelving in our closed stacks. Some items, though, need additional protection and are in prefabricated enclosures, such as archival document boxes. Others require custom enclosures. Scrapbooks, for example, are notoriously challenging to house as they are odd sizes, often contain poor quality paper, and are overstuffed with a variety of types of ephemera and photographs.<br />
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These enclosures, both the prefabricated document boxes and the custom-fitted enclosures, are providing protective micro-climates for the items they house. They provide physical protection, such as keeping items flat when needed or protecting items from abrasion, but they also aid in keeping a steady temperature and humidity level.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir7zndv9-RqsICsBYGAEPAfOuupf3cZ-lNURygl-wtimfEFaDajOvYje3xzWyvKekbMwBF8TmWm1CQ6wB-ZnkemJ5ZD9d1kwbfNVpFwzyMyh6HjtFiCKO2aL1rbgPJo8extV1CY5CeTD7J/s1600/tennis+racket.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="765" data-original-width="678" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEir7zndv9-RqsICsBYGAEPAfOuupf3cZ-lNURygl-wtimfEFaDajOvYje3xzWyvKekbMwBF8TmWm1CQ6wB-ZnkemJ5ZD9d1kwbfNVpFwzyMyh6HjtFiCKO2aL1rbgPJo8extV1CY5CeTD7J/s320/tennis+racket.jpg" width="281" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">A tennis racket is just one example of a unique<br />
item in our collection that is challenging to house</td></tr>
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SCUA is comprised of several collections, including <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/rare_books/index.aspx" target="_blank">Rare Books</a>, <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/manuscripts/index.aspx" target="_blank">Manuscripts</a>, <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/cello/index.aspx" target="_blank">Cello Music</a> (an internationally renowned collection), <a href="http://libcdm1.uncg.edu/cdm/landingpage/collection/WVHP/" target="_blank">Betty H. Carter Women Veterans Historical Project</a> (WVHP), and <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/university_archives/index.aspx" target="_blank">University Archives</a>, as well as a number of <a href="http://libcdm1.uncg.edu/" target="_blank">Digital Collections</a> available online. Though many items are fairly standard formats, such as books, music scores, and documents, there are a few unique artifacts that do not fit neatly into prefabricated enclosures, or any enclosures for that matter. There will always be exceptions to 'the rules' and a need to develop creative solutions for proper storage. <br />
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Textiles, namely clothing, also comprise a portion of our archives collection. We have early 20th century physical education uniforms, a number of class jackets, and military uniforms in the WVHP Collection beginning with an example from WWI. We also have other types of non-paper items requiring specialized storage solutions, such as ceramic mugs or class pins.<br />
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Equally important to how items are housed, is the need to regularly monitor the entire storage environment. Perhaps the single most important act of prevention is remaining observant. Our staff makes a point of walking the stacks daily to check for any changes or issues. This practice allows for early detection if there ever is an issue – a burst pipe, an insect infestation, a mold bloom, etc. Also, simply remaining alert when pulling an item for a patron allows for one more set of eyes regularly monitoring our collections.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW8jjXoArJI83lFSIMj_O7oOXFsD3K8Xb7iVLhWznk3AF9u37BXGs8KxGnBtT8yyegqxT9QH_FQDzx8mV7LLqJ6XZJy8zfVQZAzAZ_83ZJLh8Wobvo9wfLo1QXZfHKqGJXu4zdz71ru7cO/s1600/uniforms+in+storage.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1264" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW8jjXoArJI83lFSIMj_O7oOXFsD3K8Xb7iVLhWznk3AF9u37BXGs8KxGnBtT8yyegqxT9QH_FQDzx8mV7LLqJ6XZJy8zfVQZAzAZ_83ZJLh8Wobvo9wfLo1QXZfHKqGJXu4zdz71ru7cO/s320/uniforms+in+storage.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left: Prefabricated textiles boxes; Right: Early 20th Century<br />
physical education uniform carefully packed with archival tissue</td></tr>
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Generally, the optimal temperature for archival storage is in the range of 68-72 degrees (Farenheit) with a relative humidity (rH) of 45-55%. However, more important than achieving an exact temperature and rH is the need to avoid extreme fluctuations. We often see a lower rH level in the winter months and a higher level in the summer, or after an extended period of rain. (<a href="https://zehnderamerica.com/absolute-vs-relative-humidity-whats-the-difference/" target="_blank">What is relative humidity?</a>) SCUA is housed in a portion of the library that was built in the 1950s. As you might imagine, the challenges of maintaining temperature and humidity can prove to be a challenge. We have several dehumidifiers ready to go should our rH exceed acceptable levels.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFCYkQnxi4LPa1253LuVKbZI6_9sbR6uTqlSVNkW2lnosmocxIt7tf3JUGT22ppfgmKYPaiVcfVY8aNSKLYKyBGtRgb8LCdhICMawtJxolQ1nf3MRCFu8tmbGHftBAfxBVDhfDCPHu3Tap/s1600/IMG_0250.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFCYkQnxi4LPa1253LuVKbZI6_9sbR6uTqlSVNkW2lnosmocxIt7tf3JUGT22ppfgmKYPaiVcfVY8aNSKLYKyBGtRgb8LCdhICMawtJxolQ1nf3MRCFu8tmbGHftBAfxBVDhfDCPHu3Tap/s320/IMG_0250.jpg" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Carolyn Shankle, Special Collections Specialist<br />
conducting a daily walk-through of the collection</td></tr>
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UV light can be very damaging to the items stored in SCUA, such as causing inks or photographs to fade, or bleaching paper. For this reason, it is not uncommon for special collections and archives to be housed in windowless rooms. In the case of SCUA, some windows are completely covered while others use a combination of window blinds and a special UV protection film on the windows.<br />
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Water sensors, have been deployed in areas where there is a concern that water damage might occur. These are particularly useful as a warning system during nights or weekends when SCUA staff are not present. For example, if a pipe were to leak, these sensors are wired to an alarm system and can be a great tool for early detection of water damage.<br />
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Since SCUA is part of the larger UNC Greensboro ecosystem, some of the protocol and preparedness actions we follow are mandates that apply to any part of the university. For example, the library receives an annual inspection by the Fire Marshall each year and all the fire extinguishers in the library are regularly checked to ensure they are in proper working order. The library also conducts fire drills as part of the University emergency preparedness plan.<br />
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A librarian working in small library or archive that is not housed in a larger institution, may be responsible for creating the emergency preparedness plan, including scheduling inspections, creating a map of emergency exits, etc. Having a plan in place and quick access to information is key. At UNC Greensboro, we have a library-wide Emergency Preparedness Plan, which is available in a <a href="http://uncg.libguides.com/disaster2015" target="_blank">LibGuide</a> on the library website. Various potential emergencies are addressed in the plan, but it includes such pertinent information as phone numbers, maps, locations of the mobile disaster kits, etc. <br />
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Mobile Disaster Kits, are staged within SCUA and throughout the library. The kits include sponges, tarps, a flashlight, scissors, tape, and other items helpful for quickly addressing issues such as a burst pipe or other flooding event. Staff know where the units are located in the event of an emergency. In an ongoing water leak event, such as a leaky pipe or roof leak, water diverters (funnels that can be hung under a leak to catch and redirect water) can be deployed to mitigate any further damage until the leak is repaired.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6l020CnpLsCW8F7FjpS0hmAwU5c_XNS_6rk9JInoy-uG5QdbiIN1ErNKr6Eq1u1v8YT5p8vybuDGCkU0BnueAhMDgbvqUxxEWsnaoOFtq47JFWuNmmakBLgj0_fLpwOV3Rtij09uhxaJB/s1600/IMG_1897.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6l020CnpLsCW8F7FjpS0hmAwU5c_XNS_6rk9JInoy-uG5QdbiIN1ErNKr6Eq1u1v8YT5p8vybuDGCkU0BnueAhMDgbvqUxxEWsnaoOFtq47JFWuNmmakBLgj0_fLpwOV3Rtij09uhxaJB/s320/IMG_1897.JPG" width="240" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mobile Disaster Kits such as the one pictured<br />
are staged throughout the library</td></tr>
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Much of our daily work is in conservation - repairing items that have been damaged in their use or due to the age of the item and its exposure to the environment over a long period of time. However, the steps mentioned above, such as limiting UV light exposure, monitoring temperature and rH, and being prepared in the event of a disaster, are all part of our overall Preservation Plan.<br /><br />Recently, Keith Gorman, Assistant Dean for SCUA, engaged his graduate-level Archives course in a discussion about the need to rethink how archivists prepare for disasters. He wrote, "Over the past 50 years, archivists have been encouraged to consider disaster preparedness in terms of a localized event (a water leak, a fire, a flood, or a storm). Hurricane Katrina's destructive impact on the Gulf Coast forced archivists to rethink the way they manage risk and protect collections. Katrina was a regional/national event. Its impact was not just limited to a single library or archive. When Katrina made landfall, most cultural heritage disaster plans had not factored in such a scale of destruction. In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, archivists started to factor in the effects of global climate change into their planning. For example, the frequency, scale, and intensity of weather events now appears to be increasing." <br />
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As we experience the effects of a changing global climate, we will need
to consider the adequacy of our overall plan with a much broader
perspective, especially our disaster preparedness. It is with that mindset that we will regularly reevaluate and update our Preservation Plan here at UNC Greensboro Libraries. Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-82059738884689185882019-02-01T08:42:00.001-05:002019-02-01T08:42:41.512-05:00Restoration of a Marbled Leather Binding<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><i>The Seasons</i> contains a series of four poems written by British poet James Thomson (1700-1748). Thomson began the series with <i>Winter</i>, which was published in 1726. He published <i>Summer</i> and <i>Spring</i> in the two years following. The final poem in the series, <i>Autumn</i>, was published as part of the complete edition in 1730.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqfd-Un7wkRUIqDmBqFBkDJ4EuMHrt5bPLECrFfwVPct1Eua9UM6k8TNBIxirfmdPiI8f2uN013sw3osUCHZavTV21K9nliNYlqybQWhyphenhyphenthxDA2y8c6xD8RhMRJ67UON49jwjQBZgFz1Jb/s1600/after+treatment+The+Seasons.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="858" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiqfd-Un7wkRUIqDmBqFBkDJ4EuMHrt5bPLECrFfwVPct1Eua9UM6k8TNBIxirfmdPiI8f2uN013sw3osUCHZavTV21K9nliNYlqybQWhyphenhyphenthxDA2y8c6xD8RhMRJ67UON49jwjQBZgFz1Jb/s400/after+treatment+The+Seasons.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>The Seasons</i> by James Thomson, after treatment</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br />This copy of <i>The Seasons</i>, held in the <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives</a> at UNCG, was published in 1837 by publisher Andrus, Judd, & Franklin of Hartford, Connecticut. It is a small binding of about 4 x 6 inches, which was easily held in the hand or tucked in the pocket of its owner. The book has a decorative leather binding known as marbled leather. The effect was created by pouring acidic solutions across the leather to create striated areas of color resembling marble. For more information about decorative leather binding terminology and techniques, click <a href="https://www.biblio.com/book-collecting/care-preservation/leather-binding-terminology-and-techniques/" target="_blank">HERE</a>.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We recently had the opportunity to treat this lovely little binding in <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/services/preservation_services.aspx" target="_blank">Preservation Services</a>. When we received it, the front board was attached only by its cords. The leather was split at the hinge on the front and back covers, a natural result of regular handling of an old, brittle leather binding. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje1yaBaogm3KCPdPi8KZ5SzCmq2WukGcahZq6uf3Tp_STkzQ571ahsfXq-vQFb-5A0a2L8ahBzXDa4Am5np41TPyUXuB9QNqElZvV1kdzWQk-iW44DhBZfXq_QSQYmz7nH506HuJ1C4ypa/s1600/PVA+on+corner+and+before+treatment.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="1500" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEje1yaBaogm3KCPdPi8KZ5SzCmq2WukGcahZq6uf3Tp_STkzQ571ahsfXq-vQFb-5A0a2L8ahBzXDa4Am5np41TPyUXuB9QNqElZvV1kdzWQk-iW44DhBZfXq_QSQYmz7nH506HuJ1C4ypa/s400/PVA+on+corner+and+before+treatment.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Both images are before treatment, on the right: the PVA-type adhesive <br />at the fore edge corner from a prior treatment</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The fore edge corners and the hinges had previously been treated with a PVA-type adhesive (common examples of PVA adhesives are wood glue, white glue, or school glue), which created a clear, plastic-like coating that may have provided some protection but also may have contributed to further damage as the adhesive was stronger than the aging leather.<br /><span id="goog_1303935427"></span><span id="goog_1303935428"></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPABwxjlzgMCjnSbYv7E67KttoqXyJxnjZOIfWhO4yso6pbEeuzo20Vzu8U4ii2r8Bthkw5X8uD5WAoWVMfeBMCS_Go8eiJndcSX8h44F0ptvcqQWPvAr8KSQmZGhGDbf_QtlL436Exf29/s1600/stages+of+mending+with+tissue.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="587" data-original-width="1600" height="145" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjPABwxjlzgMCjnSbYv7E67KttoqXyJxnjZOIfWhO4yso6pbEeuzo20Vzu8U4ii2r8Bthkw5X8uD5WAoWVMfeBMCS_Go8eiJndcSX8h44F0ptvcqQWPvAr8KSQmZGhGDbf_QtlL436Exf29/s400/stages+of+mending+with+tissue.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In process (L to R): mending the outer hinge with Japanese tissue, recreating a <br />missing endband, mending the endcap with Japanese tissue</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Other than some water damage staining at the spine edge of the pages, the text block was in relatively good condition. A folio in the first section of pages was loose and the interior hinges at the front and back were split just as the leather was split on the outside of the hinges.</span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The split hinge at the front of the book allowed for access to the spine edge of the first section, so we were able to sew in the loose folio. The interior hinges were repaired with Japanese tissue and rice starch paste. The exterior hinges were repaired with brown Japanese paper and then further toned with watercolor to more closely resemble the original marbled leather. Once toned, the Japanese paper was sealed with a coating of Klucel-G/SC6000 which consolidates and serves as an added layer of protection as well as matches the sheen of the original leather.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8DeQm5f-OJr210YzF0zxb5mls2oj5MGRSPXetG-lzIwaaC3ZkuoW59RIw8PtDoXblwIveGe4tfSFFv30JYg80NXAfjweLft5SZx3fnt4LN9aunwHxed02fGy3-UWX0ZhGanhdi1XsWMGB/s1600/after.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="900" data-original-width="480" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8DeQm5f-OJr210YzF0zxb5mls2oj5MGRSPXetG-lzIwaaC3ZkuoW59RIw8PtDoXblwIveGe4tfSFFv30JYg80NXAfjweLft5SZx3fnt4LN9aunwHxed02fGy3-UWX0ZhGanhdi1XsWMGB/s400/after.jpg" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">After treatment: the outer hinge was mended and toned <br />to more closely resemble the original leather</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This copy of <i>The Seasons</i> by James Thomson was returned to Special Collections and is now available to be shared with researchers and students interested in 18th century British poetry, blank verse poems, or perhaps marbled leather bindings. </span>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-62886653080448751952018-11-20T12:17:00.001-05:002018-11-20T12:17:32.435-05:00Corner Repair for a Bound 1916 Vivaldi Cello Music Score<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The cello music collections at UNCG's Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives (SCUA) constitute the largest single holding of cello music-related materials in the world, a fact of which we are very proud and have likely mentioned on this blog before. At times, items from the cello music collection may be diverted to Preservation Services for treatment for a variety of reasons, but age, quality of the original materials, how items were stored prior to arriving at UNCG, and how items were used are all contributing factors to items needing repair.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhND98oYh6tjllQIh06FSy_hWijt9FVFvf2fgccMJJp2Xfw09A4cfSCDYTDAIFevSS4WRYSHFZcJWttjT4lsQ23JvQJGO5BSakFCBeqGQJ7huEUHl4ftAbQotQ8ZlfC65f_X5_5gCc3bM90/s1600/Before+treatment.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="467" data-original-width="1600" height="115" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhND98oYh6tjllQIh06FSy_hWijt9FVFvf2fgccMJJp2Xfw09A4cfSCDYTDAIFevSS4WRYSHFZcJWttjT4lsQ23JvQJGO5BSakFCBeqGQJ7huEUHl4ftAbQotQ8ZlfC65f_X5_5gCc3bM90/s400/Before+treatment.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Vivaldi's Sonate Antiche (note the missing corner on the back cover)</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />One such item in the lab for treatment currently is a 1916 bound cello music score, a copy of Vivaldi's Sonate Antiche with performance notes in the hand of Luigi Silva. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKPO_uN6aeGV9wpBjgHO4N84L-IbaI70QZ0CvBnhfVncOlZNgOZYl5EjjL9cnkrZm4FfyYmWA_aFhj0cbfqgkoHxpx9AcpBsZtlwsyO4dCwaReCx53h6SW-VaraxJ6d-0lVpr7RzG1IrBK/s1600/Silva+and+notes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="1500" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhKPO_uN6aeGV9wpBjgHO4N84L-IbaI70QZ0CvBnhfVncOlZNgOZYl5EjjL9cnkrZm4FfyYmWA_aFhj0cbfqgkoHxpx9AcpBsZtlwsyO4dCwaReCx53h6SW-VaraxJ6d-0lVpr7RzG1IrBK/s400/Silva+and+notes.jpg" width="400" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Left: Luigi Silva, Right: His handwritten notes on a cello score</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Luigi Silva (1903-1961) was a prominent cellist, teacher, and musicologist who began his illustrious career in Italy and eventually immigrated to the United States. Silva taught at various Schools of Music including Eastman, Julliard, Mannes, and Yale University. We are pleased to house the Luigi Silva Collection of approximately 1775 music scores and 13 boxes of archival materials, books, and periodicals.<br /><span id="goog_1362410886"></span><span id="goog_1362410887"></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Silva's copy of Vivaldi's Sonate Antiche had detached covers, brittle and acidic paper, and was missing the lower corner of the back cover. Aside from spine repair and mending of some of the pages, we needed to replace the missing cover corner so the book could safely stand on the shelf in SCUA.</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUYikVvbQufasi_VmPfUkcHdJkilv9y8xGuYmHeJ39tHqxfI4YcC7Tr-YOUB5I_QMyB5et2IjtfkRkgA3-NlBKwS973FaJzPRnqbEG8O3nV8uZhPzSnNmh17lW-PiS7wuv7YbL1rJJxNP4/s1600/missing+corner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="633" height="303" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhUYikVvbQufasi_VmPfUkcHdJkilv9y8xGuYmHeJ39tHqxfI4YcC7Tr-YOUB5I_QMyB5et2IjtfkRkgA3-NlBKwS973FaJzPRnqbEG8O3nV8uZhPzSnNmh17lW-PiS7wuv7YbL1rJJxNP4/s320/missing+corner.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Missing corner of the back cover</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Part of the book board was missing altogether and what remained was delaminating at the corner and quite thin. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">It was necessary to build up the corner to both the original thickness and rigidity. The missing piece was replaced with a piece of archival museum board sandwiched on either side with a gray lining card (often used as a spine stiffener in spine repair). See the diagram and in-progress photos below.<br /></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivHIqkWrG3Hm6fK-dSDwXMpR50NobuMPRzmToJEIqJSsEzxvX8Q76PhX3QaX57lpjJ5Jf1ObQ0UP4-ozX72MHZWjWpFEmTaIH7AV0VuxUWNjnF0zav64tGoFDL426_E6LDE5pG-twul7Qu/s1600/diagram.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="719" data-original-width="1546" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivHIqkWrG3Hm6fK-dSDwXMpR50NobuMPRzmToJEIqJSsEzxvX8Q76PhX3QaX57lpjJ5Jf1ObQ0UP4-ozX72MHZWjWpFEmTaIH7AV0VuxUWNjnF0zav64tGoFDL426_E6LDE5pG-twul7Qu/s400/diagram.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">A diagram of the materials used to rebuild the corner</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYuI8qgRK_R5CLpgM_tpgEFgkQ08_kYjj_ic0OsB_GLOQ6bnz7whqj0Cg-0d1WZ5Gd6H4tB0pMHY1zxbZx_f-2Y8TiJwFbFB-87NlxDNBDmJ0otd1wazi0MpC9bWu8qaJphVYFyd3KFp_7/s1600/sandwiched+corner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="1233" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjYuI8qgRK_R5CLpgM_tpgEFgkQ08_kYjj_ic0OsB_GLOQ6bnz7whqj0Cg-0d1WZ5Gd6H4tB0pMHY1zxbZx_f-2Y8TiJwFbFB-87NlxDNBDmJ0otd1wazi0MpC9bWu8qaJphVYFyd3KFp_7/s400/sandwiched+corner.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The rebuilt corner before covering material is added</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Once the corner had been built up to the thickness of the original board, the missing corner cloth was replaced. <br /></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf_GdTs069vMi3MndZefPgWZW-2-nMp1VgcWb6tN8PHr5TsA2c3rwzPggadc_bZdHjKnvqO-x2y2J9odgaUfq2yEsdZ-WNsDFMPffmlDd_m3SAYz3ijKfjleTCwze9YlglXJ4UFuYlokp4/s1600/new+corner+cloth.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="1116" height="215" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhf_GdTs069vMi3MndZefPgWZW-2-nMp1VgcWb6tN8PHr5TsA2c3rwzPggadc_bZdHjKnvqO-x2y2J9odgaUfq2yEsdZ-WNsDFMPffmlDd_m3SAYz3ijKfjleTCwze9YlglXJ4UFuYlokp4/s400/new+corner+cloth.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The replaced corner cloth</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In order to more closely match the original decorative paper covering material, we photocopied the cover and used the resulting image to fill what was missing. With the aid of mylar, we traced the ragged edge of the original paper so that the new covering material would overlap only as much as needed. <br /></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFWrXOsl4j0feAgIiH9zl4GdByVTHVVcgZ86jCANfwKyvrZDDNYRjTyu-3VB4fCsQzUskrjglLvgH-Mz1zflrpNX8n8jz96uaF4H5PySmlrVpPRxE_8u9ZC1xYQjt-bUuFgD2hvxXijwnU/s1600/replacing+decorative+paper.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="1584" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFWrXOsl4j0feAgIiH9zl4GdByVTHVVcgZ86jCANfwKyvrZDDNYRjTyu-3VB4fCsQzUskrjglLvgH-Mz1zflrpNX8n8jz96uaF4H5PySmlrVpPRxE_8u9ZC1xYQjt-bUuFgD2hvxXijwnU/s640/replacing+decorative+paper.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The steps for tracing the jagged edge, transferring it to the new paper, <br />and replacing the missing decorative paper</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Once the cover paper was replaced, we used the same technique with a corner of handmade paper<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"> to fill what was missing on the interior paste down.</span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS9PnRR90SUZuBg8Sw9ITsL4l2lrZ3FlDSVGQhErq65ZU4WgO5dz8U6ULgibazhtJokBmN1yImcWQF_oy4vdcIf97sgtb0h-0LVbj01YcDsYcwnHgzD-lo8hE9PRcqZm_IdRXhBrvvsND4/s1600/new+pastedown.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="556" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS9PnRR90SUZuBg8Sw9ITsL4l2lrZ3FlDSVGQhErq65ZU4WgO5dz8U6ULgibazhtJokBmN1yImcWQF_oy4vdcIf97sgtb0h-0LVbj01YcDsYcwnHgzD-lo8hE9PRcqZm_IdRXhBrvvsND4/s320/new+pastedown.jpg" width="298" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">The new interior corner pastedown</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Though the repair is not completely disguised, it is much more integrated than if we had used a solid colored paper for the exterior covering material and the strength and structure of the corner is greatly improved.<br /> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: left; margin-right: 1em; text-align: left;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH_ZGeJWJZAIL3OjfHTwmmbuXn9SOSUv3gXvKxTzouQX6Ijcdrj8p9tQwVuWMYi1-LvDwxthYsuJ5nObx0o-SHFZzdi16FrIlQldEgXKMGdhjEOCux8otBqDrjZxZu9_8Xur7ODdEvKire/s1600/corner+replacement+complete.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="1515" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhH_ZGeJWJZAIL3OjfHTwmmbuXn9SOSUv3gXvKxTzouQX6Ijcdrj8p9tQwVuWMYi1-LvDwxthYsuJ5nObx0o-SHFZzdi16FrIlQldEgXKMGdhjEOCux8otBqDrjZxZu9_8Xur7ODdEvKire/s640/corner+replacement+complete.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Before and after the corner was replaced</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">For more information about the Luigi Silva Collection please click <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/cello/items.aspx#silva" target="_blank">here</a>. To explore other collections in our Cello Music Collection, please click <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/cello/index.aspx" target="_blank">here</a>.
Or, to visit the online collections or to visit Martha Blakeney Hodges
Special Collections and University Archives, please click <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">here</a>.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br /></span></span>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-72344077937055420132018-10-30T14:46:00.000-04:002018-10-30T14:46:37.258-04:00Instructional Technology: A Game-Changer for a Hands-On Workshop<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In early October, Preservation Services Staff had the pleasure of teaching a pre-conference workshop for the North Carolina School Library Media Association's (NCSLMA) 2018 conference in Winston-Salem, NC. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAjHwMe9bTHIczuO7n_UnToU4iRrucrSDkDcsvvrQGj_RRaVf5tkTCbnObcgJlovk0NuUxoB_0WX7eSeStfA99cEsKzLcALb3oPH21H1jFZJX031sV9STtrINWPKMLqwYZ38aphJBF5o7T/s1600/media+specialists+in+workshop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1256" data-original-width="1536" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAjHwMe9bTHIczuO7n_UnToU4iRrucrSDkDcsvvrQGj_RRaVf5tkTCbnObcgJlovk0NuUxoB_0WX7eSeStfA99cEsKzLcALb3oPH21H1jFZJX031sV9STtrINWPKMLqwYZ38aphJBF5o7T/s320/media+specialists+in+workshop.jpg" width="320" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">NCSLMA Pre-Conference Workshop in Winston-Salem, NC</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">"Book Repair on a Budget" is a hands-on workshop we developed to teach basic book repair techniques to school media specialists who often have very little time or funding to tackle book repairs, yet have an important need to preserve the life of their collections for as long as possible. After providing the workshop for several groups of Guilford County Schools Media Specialists in March of this year, we were invited to teach an extended version at the NCSLMA conference. (To read more about our partnership with Guilford County Schools Library Media Services, click <a href="https://uncgpreservation.blogspot.com/2018/02/" target="_blank">here</a>.)</span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAAdnC8xfIqtNRvhmnQ1yEShVmpem25vyjq319cXSkN0I57-Q3a8JRV_6HeTRmm4w9T_hMPl8qobjxNzVr1Ql-8Jr6QszRZTepV4kzXqq-ZBdspfcFSRq8YB3LOGYYvfaQzrgCpJeM3wTJ/s1600/Audrey+demos+reback.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1210" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjAAdnC8xfIqtNRvhmnQ1yEShVmpem25vyjq319cXSkN0I57-Q3a8JRV_6HeTRmm4w9T_hMPl8qobjxNzVr1Ql-8Jr6QszRZTepV4kzXqq-ZBdspfcFSRq8YB3LOGYYvfaQzrgCpJeM3wTJ/s320/Audrey+demos+reback.jpg" width="242" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Audrey Sage, Preservation Manager, <br />demonstrating how to reback the spine of a book</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In the three-hour workshop, we addressed a variety of book repairs including paper mending, repairing
loose covers, and repairing book spines. We focused on treatments
that were relatively quick and easy to perform and that required materials media specialists likely have on hand or could acquire inexpensively. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUhUWt0G4DTA5xWGccY9eYNvxIWdGpMpba6Bi6LB2XPfrZML-lFgq9WjiqoluhSPbenOLYHEFScUOIJI34xin0UlxJ-u1jrj0SEYW0vhJ2-LzzibzxUdGSK3VoSBe7MAHlURMUS06vma3z/s1600/lumens.jpeg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="217" data-original-width="271" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgUhUWt0G4DTA5xWGccY9eYNvxIWdGpMpba6Bi6LB2XPfrZML-lFgq9WjiqoluhSPbenOLYHEFScUOIJI34xin0UlxJ-u1jrj0SEYW0vhJ2-LzzibzxUdGSK3VoSBe7MAHlURMUS06vma3z/s320/lumens.jpeg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Lumens DC125 Ladibug Document Camera</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Thanks to a Lumens DC125 Ladibug Document Camera (click <a href="http://www.lumens.com.tw/product_1_1.php?new_id=5" target="_blank">here</a> for more information), each step of the repairs we taught could easily be viewed by participants from the comfort of their seats</span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">. The document camera allowed us to easily alternate between demonstrations and hands-on work with participants to facilitate learning and improve their performance of each repair technique. </span></span><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">At times, instructional technology can be a distraction from learning, but in this case it was a positive game-changer.</span></span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Z6_6LrfwYTIJarm1z42VmPzUmaJgcRrsDWDtpAdmLlduIYMDY7_GQKdQO-G2FnMy-0eKEzZuucJAKQYYp5LBwZUNdfoDem5yWwNR8RuRt0rqQ225voErGAkkJO3XAe4tQIiGpD4USAKx/s1600/both+screens.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1031" data-original-width="1600" height="206" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg2Z6_6LrfwYTIJarm1z42VmPzUmaJgcRrsDWDtpAdmLlduIYMDY7_GQKdQO-G2FnMy-0eKEzZuucJAKQYYp5LBwZUNdfoDem5yWwNR8RuRt0rqQ225voErGAkkJO3XAe4tQIiGpD4USAKx/s320/both+screens.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Suzanne Sawyer, Preservation Technician, <br />demonstrating how to tip in a loose page</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-LGNZ_05b2sv6REq-z0s15VxdF6cuRH5So19oLmAw91nSGEMkBGhRyKBH6NP8VBWiCqH23E534p-qjoRbk5tSJvAiTSByg1uJ2kHcb2Z8iY9DHJb5AUy1seZ5Lc4edz8LT2qZaQ4v0CQV/s1600/lumens+in+action.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1311" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh-LGNZ_05b2sv6REq-z0s15VxdF6cuRH5So19oLmAw91nSGEMkBGhRyKBH6NP8VBWiCqH23E534p-qjoRbk5tSJvAiTSByg1uJ2kHcb2Z8iY9DHJb5AUy1seZ5Lc4edz8LT2qZaQ4v0CQV/s320/lumens+in+action.jpg" width="262" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Sawyer demonstrating a book repair with <br />the aid of a document camera</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><br />Participants of the workshop received a bag of sample materials that were used in our demonstrations as well as a link to our libguide, an online resource we have created (click<a href="https://uncg.libguides.com/preservationservices/" target="_blank"> here</a> to view our libguide). It includes our PowerPoint presentations and videos, along with other digital resources about book repair, and a list of vendors for book repair supplies and equipment. It is our hope that the libguide will serve as a manual of sorts for school media specialists to return to for their own reference or as a guide for teaching book repair techniques to older students or library volunteers.</span><br />
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Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-32096906855267353222018-07-27T09:15:00.000-04:002018-07-27T09:20:30.522-04:00Innovation & Program Enrichment Grant Award: Revitalization of Spring Garden Press<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Preservation Services Staff are pleased to announce that we have been awarded an Innovation & Program Enrichment (IPE) Grant. The Dean of University Libraries, Martin Halbert, along with his predecessors, has identified restricted funds for innovation and program enrichment here at UNCG Libraries. This year, we have been awarded the IPE Grant for the purpose of revitalizing Spring Garden Press, the imprint of Jackson Library's elegant 19th century Washington Iron Hand Press.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovFw1df7-JxHtZvuXYR85j6ZqYT8pA3PbFA239w88cy-ehd_RDm8j-HeH5b7Dy7B4PhRDd4uDhqEWEHl8OdMoku5jFjALX6Uv_smY86jnMDClFbWFTcxi9nnvO0K99MXbbADqihBBO2MR/s1600/iron+hand+press.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1135" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgovFw1df7-JxHtZvuXYR85j6ZqYT8pA3PbFA239w88cy-ehd_RDm8j-HeH5b7Dy7B4PhRDd4uDhqEWEHl8OdMoku5jFjALX6Uv_smY86jnMDClFbWFTcxi9nnvO0K99MXbbADqihBBO2MR/s400/iron+hand+press.jpg" width="282" /></a></span></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">UNCG Libraries' circa 1850s Washington No. 2 Iron Hand Press</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Spring Garden Press will be
revitalized for the purpose of outreach to the UNCG community as well as the
greater Greensboro community. The IPE Grant
will provide funding to reinvigorate and enhance Spring Garden Press for regular,
recurring programming. It will afford the opportunity to train a
group of University Libraries staff to operate the iron hand press so that it
can be used for educational and outreach purposes. Such training will allow
for integration into various departments' curricula, promotion of assorted
holdings in Special Collections & University Archives (SCUA), education of
patrons about the history of printing and its evolution over time,
demonstrations for special events and library supporters, and provide an
opportunity for our digital-native students to experience hands-on traditional
letterpress printing, possibly as a method for exploring their own ideas.</span></span><br />
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</xml><![endif]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">The circa 1850s Washington No. 2 Iron Hand Press
has been used for class demonstrations periodically over the last 25-30
years that it has resided in the library, most recently under the tutelage of
Paul Hessling. Hessling serves as the </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Special Collections/Chief Monographic Cataloger and is the only staff member at present who is knowledgeable about the operation of our press. The press use has dwindled in recent years for
various reasons despite a core group of library staff – Hessling and a
number of SCUA staff – being very interested in seeing the press used more
often and becoming a more integral part of the department’s offerings and
outreach.</span></span><br />
<br />
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="0" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
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<![endif]--><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Ten SCUA staff have volunteered to be trained by
Paul Hessling and Sarah Smith to use the press. As Program Manager of the Book
Arts Workshop at Dartmouth College Library, Smith teaches letterpress
printing, bookbinding, and other aspects of bookmaking. She works closely with
faculty at Dartmouth to create hands-on projects to strengthen the impact of their
coursework—and with students and non-students on their extra-curricular
projects. In November, with thanks to the IPE Grant Program, Smith will travel to UNCG to conduct a workshop on the Iron Hand Press for SCUA staff.</span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">If you are unfamiliar with iron hand presses, please see the following video of </span></span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Amelia Fontanel, an Associate Curator at the RIT Cary Graphic Arts
Collection, as she walks you through the process of printing using the
Kelmscott/Goudy Albion iron hand press, a similar press to our Washington No. 2 iron hand press.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen="" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ofMJ6NcEM58/0.jpg" frameborder="0" height="266" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ofMJ6NcEM58?feature=player_embedded" width="320"></iframe><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span></span></span></div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span></span> </span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">A core group of our staff will be trained to use the iron hand press for presentations and demonstrations. The goals are to increase faculty
collaboration with SCUA in use of the press as well as existing collections
and to expand existing partnerships with Guilford County Schools (GCS). We will collaborate with GCS art teachers and students to educate students
about printing history, book arts, and SCUA collections and meaningfully tie in
with a classroom project.</span> </span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">It is our hope that the revitalization of Spring Garden Press will allow <span style="font-size: 12pt;">for a sustainable collaboration with GCS, regular,
recurring programming with faculty and students, and to leverage the existing
talent and expertise of SCUA staff by training them to use the iron hand press
both in existing partnerships and in new ones to be determined over time. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Spring Garden Press will be SCUA’s version of a makerspace by inspiring
creativity and new partnerships in the UNCG community and beyond. </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">What's a makerspace? Learn more by clicking <a href="https://spaces.makerspace.com/" target="_blank">HERE</a>.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br />
<br />Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-85099202941777965992018-06-13T14:35:00.001-04:002018-06-13T14:37:24.689-04:00Restoration of a Collection of String Quartet CompositionsPrioritizing our work can be challenging as we provide services to the general circulating collection in <a href="http://library.uncg.edu/" target="_blank">Walter Clinton Jackson Library</a>, the collections of the <a href="http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/music/" target="_blank">Harold Schiffman Music Library</a>, as well as the various collections of the <a href="http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections and University Archives</a>. Part of our consideration of how to devote our time depends on how an item will be used, such as in an exhibition, with a class, or for a scheduled researcher appointment. The curator of each collection makes those decisions and the work falls into our work queue according to how soon it will be needed and for what purpose it will be used.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">The cello music collections at UNCG constitute the largest single
holding of archival cello music-related materials in the world. Stacey
Krim manages the collection. One
of her many duties is identifying items needing conservation and/or
restoration (<a href="https://www.conservation-us.org/about-conservation/definitions#.Wx6gDO4vzcs" target="_blank">what's the difference?</a>) so that they may be used by researchers or in classes, stabilized for storage, or handled for digitization purposes. </span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikBJdX0IuwOILkRYyBrCBTlTrcynZtZ0jArT84aY-YtSHAZDMSnlTLFGQvFhUAPllxcFmLb8x9lOltGoMdlzDvI1hhO7eIUCq_GlQ2Ui6oTuIsvC4ot8a7ZJf-_k3tYs0Uin4ubP53PSnt/s1600/four+before.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1530" data-original-width="1600" height="306" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEikBJdX0IuwOILkRYyBrCBTlTrcynZtZ0jArT84aY-YtSHAZDMSnlTLFGQvFhUAPllxcFmLb8x9lOltGoMdlzDvI1hhO7eIUCq_GlQ2Ui6oTuIsvC4ot8a7ZJf-_k3tYs0Uin4ubP53PSnt/s320/four+before.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Four volumes before treatment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">This set of four volumes was bound by one of its previous owners and
contains the instrumental parts for a variety of string quartet compositions written by variety of composers and published by different publishing houses between 1780 and 1809. The set was donated to the <a href="http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/collections/cello/index.aspx" target="_blank">UNCG Cello Music Collection</a> as part of the Bernard Greenhouse Collection. Krim identified the items as a priority for conservation and transferred them to Preservation Services.
We determined that due to their intended use with classes and researchers, both repair and restoration would be necessary.<br />
<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgULs65UoFnZkhv5Uue-6TopaT0Zm7faDw6HMzvgoOnSBOBUcA3sI6-DNgsIWPusGqSWjd0DMPTEUFkB6yjfqkjmU07JsuX8Sp1xTQUEmPvypJe5Y61Zyd9MZKfq3_L1lDhdDpdPXLppbEB/s1600/binding+styles.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="1600" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgULs65UoFnZkhv5Uue-6TopaT0Zm7faDw6HMzvgoOnSBOBUcA3sI6-DNgsIWPusGqSWjd0DMPTEUFkB6yjfqkjmU07JsuX8Sp1xTQUEmPvypJe5Y61Zyd9MZKfq3_L1lDhdDpdPXLppbEB/s400/binding+styles.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Left to Right: Quarter Leather, Half Leather, and Full Leather Bindings</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">The binding style of these four volumes is referred to as half leather. A book with all leather or all book cloth as its covering material is referred to as full leather or full cloth respectively. A book with leather or cloth at the spine and fore edge corners (or sometimes there is a strip of leather or cloth all along the fore edge instead of just at the corners) with an alternate material for the rest of the cover is half leather or half cloth. And, a book with leather or cloth just at the spine with a different material, such as cloth or paper, covering the remainder of the book is referred to as quarter leather or quarter cloth. Quarter and Half bindings were developed as a way to minimize use of the more expensive binding materials by covering the rest of the book cover in a more economical material such as cloth or paper.</span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg6hyphenhyphenv_7VZHFgKvW4yxvfGwmTURq-pzTUSH45snj3w93njBIE06WBFlzWPSnWygqgkQ-K2HaB-Hsotv6JM-KM2SXfsA6hwckRxVXgEstFGX7LepMqjeeVkYl_xVpwLetjRkHeWMJ1J2Ov-/s1600/four+volumes+before.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1193" data-original-width="1600" height="238" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhg6hyphenhyphenv_7VZHFgKvW4yxvfGwmTURq-pzTUSH45snj3w93njBIE06WBFlzWPSnWygqgkQ-K2HaB-Hsotv6JM-KM2SXfsA6hwckRxVXgEstFGX7LepMqjeeVkYl_xVpwLetjRkHeWMJ1J2Ov-/s320/four+volumes+before.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Bound volumes with missing or detached spines</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">Three of the bound music scores were missing the spine all together and one book had a detached spine. The leather at the spines and fore edge corners was dry and brittle. In some cases, the leather had worn away to reveal the book board underneath. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6wQF9VDqh799fD82ckEWwvDb-o37-F_lYpBoP3AUILrEnhSKBW5HLIb-x7A5ux3iTUn3bgsoDrXXGk3UOrhW8HifL-5xTNveP6qGonjAszLFSTSoGzwBOgtZEihGEu7NhMVNREPlWeaIg/s1600/tail+before.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1200" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh6wQF9VDqh799fD82ckEWwvDb-o37-F_lYpBoP3AUILrEnhSKBW5HLIb-x7A5ux3iTUn3bgsoDrXXGk3UOrhW8HifL-5xTNveP6qGonjAszLFSTSoGzwBOgtZEihGEu7NhMVNREPlWeaIg/s320/tail+before.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Tail edge of damaged volume before treatment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSTTlBxb-QXaE-owbUBfxqjwvNrX4aXxvLuaAtblaGW2VowzKF92xFk8RZvER99eDUhaOqqFkpfVZweGmdqjhBXY3uF5jxomzjXCAtWoMPlhgx7pdmnpA8Kdb5iHrAoXDSEBDyXaucFfJK/s1600/detail+2+of+mended+page.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="1200" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSTTlBxb-QXaE-owbUBfxqjwvNrX4aXxvLuaAtblaGW2VowzKF92xFk8RZvER99eDUhaOqqFkpfVZweGmdqjhBXY3uF5jxomzjXCAtWoMPlhgx7pdmnpA8Kdb5iHrAoXDSEBDyXaucFfJK/s320/detail+2+of+mended+page.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Mended pages during the treatment process</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw02n8nY3_h1R2uofnB8zEnmZwZ2JOgNwVlKAwjoRGullxPEtYawqWpZGOy-ecb0nbWsc7NYEZZ0N7HLtgtK7WgcmzXJymlTFcZ7Vk3y5EojFWsBe9kyzndvWzYSuhvwaTWTFyhxuQI2Nu/s1600/finished+tail.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="813" data-original-width="1200" height="216" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw02n8nY3_h1R2uofnB8zEnmZwZ2JOgNwVlKAwjoRGullxPEtYawqWpZGOy-ecb0nbWsc7NYEZZ0N7HLtgtK7WgcmzXJymlTFcZ7Vk3y5EojFWsBe9kyzndvWzYSuhvwaTWTFyhxuQI2Nu/s320/finished+tail.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">After restoration treatment</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">The paper sides, in this case blue <a href="http://pius7.slu.edu/special_collections/?p=4330" target="_blank">paste paper</a>, were also damaged and worn, particularly at the edges. The text block pages were in fairly good condition, but there were some tears and losses, including insect damage in a few places.</span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">The
interior pages were mended with Japanese paper and wheat starch paste.
The covering material required several steps of treatment. The leather
was treated with Klucel-G, a consolidant that also helps prevent the
leather from burning (darkening) during the mending process as it is
exposed to the moisture of the paste.</span></span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"> </span></span></span></span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">
</span></span></span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIMr04d-a5BI1fvRa7Zq0mTdRNARukOAZ19c2rl8vNlgyXqjcvUyL9yKw3ckC-x3OuU8yKOk_0wNr-HGUNdxiGfqFK8uFzCDTT93mZobkudfbSrAA2KjtLgEfx1-qP9hJxF0r12NlVWHIl/s1600/corner+before.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1122" data-original-width="1600" height="224" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIMr04d-a5BI1fvRa7Zq0mTdRNARukOAZ19c2rl8vNlgyXqjcvUyL9yKw3ckC-x3OuU8yKOk_0wNr-HGUNdxiGfqFK8uFzCDTT93mZobkudfbSrAA2KjtLgEfx1-qP9hJxF0r12NlVWHIl/s320/corner+before.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Worn leather fore edge corner with damaged board underneath</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span id="goog_1492665813"></span><span id="goog_1492665814"></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR4uxsr4yYcClTXuuPhcWAcGB7nPdUiY0Rv3rDHFehqVCQfdu9eCdw52q9Wex1wwqeGV2DhmwtYMzexukjCCTTBYCUk6REjWjj1GsJQh3vuNjClRPrDpNxhWHRfQ8ok-xBRDQmy1SNo2qD/s1600/built+up+corner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1157" data-original-width="1600" height="231" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhR4uxsr4yYcClTXuuPhcWAcGB7nPdUiY0Rv3rDHFehqVCQfdu9eCdw52q9Wex1wwqeGV2DhmwtYMzexukjCCTTBYCUk6REjWjj1GsJQh3vuNjClRPrDpNxhWHRfQ8ok-xBRDQmy1SNo2qD/s320/built+up+corner.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rebuilding the board with linen cord remnants and adhesive</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">The book board was consolidated as well, and in some cases it was rebuilt where it was too damaged or was missing parts. </span></span></span></span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhktYiS2AK7bjy2pUDwoP9OuKeeTi8C4ItNIR6oiEgei5Xmo570yM7qVGWfy_v64tce4LZWtayWqSM5-oEvo9-48iBRoVpm_7CW7Fo7wWZZNRqhK6Fy41PR9XOq6BmWEpc8h6yS6J8_MoAt/s1600/corner+during.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1133" data-original-width="1600" height="226" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhktYiS2AK7bjy2pUDwoP9OuKeeTi8C4ItNIR6oiEgei5Xmo570yM7qVGWfy_v64tce4LZWtayWqSM5-oEvo9-48iBRoVpm_7CW7Fo7wWZZNRqhK6Fy41PR9XOq6BmWEpc8h6yS6J8_MoAt/s320/corner+during.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">During treatment - Japanese paper applied, then toned to match</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2C5DL3k3jBL2NrIeecactagJiS6kDinMx4u4a5QZ8iGT6XBPTgQ7KeKCVQK6a3gTwqadS-Jstq5RHf4AVNfv3Rq3htnCJZCs4zAoXPhUl2KNXp_nTH7iZWtaFPtHX3Eel5BWQMM5fVVrP/s1600/finished+corner.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1250" data-original-width="1600" height="250" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2C5DL3k3jBL2NrIeecactagJiS6kDinMx4u4a5QZ8iGT6XBPTgQ7KeKCVQK6a3gTwqadS-Jstq5RHf4AVNfv3Rq3htnCJZCs4zAoXPhUl2KNXp_nTH7iZWtaFPtHX3Eel5BWQMM5fVVrP/s320/finished+corner.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">After treatment - corners fully restored</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">Toned Japanese paper was applied over the exposed book board and then further toned with watercolor to more closely resemble the original covering material of either leather or paste paper. A coat of Klucel-G was applied over the newly attached Japanese paper and watercolor to further seal and protect the Japanese paper and to match the sheen of the original leather.</span></span></span></span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG3bnwEHt6xypF4gsF8r40mOkh0WoG0RGNv7G_jCg5Kmxxpu4UWykfS62dgO5loRbr1JhKYcmBxUmd27GKhRL2jTMdeW7-fYqT4OdewOkrbDthE8qsdxGA9qmq7uOw0wiprnIXP0w5B8AQ/s1600/spine+during.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1029" data-original-width="1600" height="205" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG3bnwEHt6xypF4gsF8r40mOkh0WoG0RGNv7G_jCg5Kmxxpu4UWykfS62dgO5loRbr1JhKYcmBxUmd27GKhRL2jTMdeW7-fYqT4OdewOkrbDthE8qsdxGA9qmq7uOw0wiprnIXP0w5B8AQ/s320/spine+during.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spines during treatment</td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicHknBVbBXTCCZEUt0ZrjP4k-v-cgjiS4eRpqFizT8dDg8AxPD3_RDvyvKZR-bowGPIsXx-wpiMEhpmj7o9JDAAT4kbh8hapuxCGVD-PkIpFMbcZ08sFD2DdYXzEy-BLUUhXfoD-OVzKtW/s1600/spine+in+progress.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1095" data-original-width="1600" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEicHknBVbBXTCCZEUt0ZrjP4k-v-cgjiS4eRpqFizT8dDg8AxPD3_RDvyvKZR-bowGPIsXx-wpiMEhpmj7o9JDAAT4kbh8hapuxCGVD-PkIpFMbcZ08sFD2DdYXzEy-BLUUhXfoD-OVzKtW/s320/spine+in+progress.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Spine reattached and secured with toned Japanese paper</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">The new spines were created with Japanese paper laminated to Irish linen to lend strength, then attached to the books. The one remaining original spine was reattached over the laminated Japanese paper and Irish linen.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNbprHls3xLSB2LdJ6yrjomAgCqkRbr9scT5wjMT4u0XGu5XeYT1lXqBHeQcA5ujEpq8ZOyWjv4OujnkQkVrgcf1P60ZSkyTdmI7LR6DnPe8zZQFMr0sMUH5f5GczXUPCw4_9aVRQl7B-o/s1600/four+volumes+finished.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1572" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiNbprHls3xLSB2LdJ6yrjomAgCqkRbr9scT5wjMT4u0XGu5XeYT1lXqBHeQcA5ujEpq8ZOyWjv4OujnkQkVrgcf1P60ZSkyTdmI7LR6DnPe8zZQFMr0sMUH5f5GczXUPCw4_9aVRQl7B-o/s320/four+volumes+finished.jpg" width="314" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Four volumes after treatment</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: normal;">Not all of the books we treat receive full restoration such as these. For example, the priority for a book in the generally circulating collection is to return it to service quickly having been repaired in a method that can withstand the use of many patrons over a long period of time. Though we make every effort to create a tidy, attractive repair, the priority is the strength and speed of the repair. Though the restoration of the four volumes of cello music provides a functional and aesthetically pleasing solution, it required a much more time-consuming process and is perhaps not capable of receiving the regular handling as a book in the general collection.<br />
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Nonetheless, it is a treat for us to do restoration work as it is a change of pace and often provides such satisfying results, though more challenging work to do.</span></span></span><br />
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<span style="font-family: inherit;">
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</span></span></span></span>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-65590012248608862352018-05-04T16:57:00.000-04:002019-07-25T15:16:50.800-04:00Aqueous Treatment & Paper Tape Removal<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Paper, essentially a relatively flat sheet of bonded cellulose or plant fibers, can be surprisingly strong and long lasting. As with most organic substances though, it is susceptible to decay when exposed to certain environmental conditions such as too much or too little humidity or excessive heat. Paper can also begin to break down due to the acidity from pollutants in the paper fiber, from media (such as ink) that have been applied, or from surface dirt or grime, such as oils from human skin as the paper is handled. </span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgasky2rVF1-edHneBJGspdpdJZna9P1oghvi6kCgksT6pZjrlYtJiq8zg9KzMemEiH22wmVvkFGKIMFQxzNMmzLZPBmIKQLqDUdSvy5ZMwZEcnwpuddejAJaRSXuyamlcCZuEDmJVLLyLk/s1600/08+mirror+image.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Image of two facing pages in a book - the ink has leached to the facing page and created a mirror image." border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="750" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgasky2rVF1-edHneBJGspdpdJZna9P1oghvi6kCgksT6pZjrlYtJiq8zg9KzMemEiH22wmVvkFGKIMFQxzNMmzLZPBmIKQLqDUdSvy5ZMwZEcnwpuddejAJaRSXuyamlcCZuEDmJVLLyLk/s400/08+mirror+image.jpg" title="Two facing pages" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Black printing ink created a brownish mirror image on the <br />facing page as the acidity leached from one page to the next.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Book and Paper Conservators have various treatment methods for removing or reducing the harmful effects of pollutants from paper, such as surface cleaning, deacidification, and aqueous treatment. Aqueous treatment is most often described as the process of cleaning and deacidifying paper by submerging it in a bath of water, or a series of baths. Depending on the item being treated, each bath may last from about fifteen minutes to more than an hour. After each bath, the item being treated is removed from the bath and the dirty water is emptied and replaced with clean water. This process continues until the bath water runs clear or almost clear after soaking. Aqueous treatment reduces the acidity of the paper somewhat, often reduces the discoloration caused by age or environmental exposure, and helps remove some of the dirt and grime from the paper. It can also be a great method for removing some types of tape and adhesives from previous repairs like paper tapes.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhqWZ8HovQZ6XxpYxzLrPZ-zkf-PzDIhkDsfmHU3OaPocKiY9vihgqWHFge_ZLD8fUUQenqweTdBnglPhri9ZX_3UdDNOfsKmbXvk9SnWAtuRhzzuBv5gpRYRqDUUGbpZmnM6DfC1mPHda/s1600/01+map+folio+on+white.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Discolored and stained map of Boston" border="0" data-original-height="476" data-original-width="750" height="253" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhqWZ8HovQZ6XxpYxzLrPZ-zkf-PzDIhkDsfmHU3OaPocKiY9vihgqWHFge_ZLD8fUUQenqweTdBnglPhri9ZX_3UdDNOfsKmbXvk9SnWAtuRhzzuBv5gpRYRqDUUGbpZmnM6DfC1mPHda/s400/01+map+folio+on+white.jpg" title="Map of Boston" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Map of Boston from <i>The Life of George Washington</i>, 1807.</span></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiRHKPJeVYrGfwH8NVGnOVeUArm3IRQ0rj6GlL3nOtMMbppi1fF8YvqU7usY7t9S0YUVAzyZQiWD87dD3c3QB14-urxJ8GE485ThabHdoVVJ-zTG0y1puPFsv3Y50waKWEmmVQ8rnIUVL3/s1600/03+Detail+of+paper+tapes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="598" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiRHKPJeVYrGfwH8NVGnOVeUArm3IRQ0rj6GlL3nOtMMbppi1fF8YvqU7usY7t9S0YUVAzyZQiWD87dD3c3QB14-urxJ8GE485ThabHdoVVJ-zTG0y1puPFsv3Y50waKWEmmVQ8rnIUVL3/s400/03+Detail+of+paper+tapes.jpg" width="318" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Two layers of paper tape were attached to <br />the folded edge of the map.</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">This map of Boston is from <i>The Life of George Washington</i>, 1807, and was at one time attached in the book with paper tape or else mended with paper tape at some point. Paper tape often has a water-soluble adhesive, so aqueous treatment is an effective way to remove it, provided the paper can be submerged in a bath of water. Sometimes the paper is too fragile to withstand aqueous treatment or it might contain media, such as ink or watercolor, that is soluble in water, which prevents a conservator from using an aqueous treatment. For that reason, the media must first be tested for solubility. If it is stable, aqueous treatment can proceed.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTCjFWsSjX3dKhPQx_gkATyjJr7am-zMoqNTSZFOPbfcRJkZ9keZT0UFpaz3AzhULdbwGwMFJmEoLu0cQL_iM-ls0U7kO4gNAQ2m4-Q6H3bx_rHp_TBj8kEobQjF1o-GM-945E4PcuV3e4/s1600/04+water+droplet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="750" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiTCjFWsSjX3dKhPQx_gkATyjJr7am-zMoqNTSZFOPbfcRJkZ9keZT0UFpaz3AzhULdbwGwMFJmEoLu0cQL_iM-ls0U7kO4gNAQ2m4-Q6H3bx_rHp_TBj8kEobQjF1o-GM-945E4PcuV3e4/s400/04+water+droplet.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Water droplet applied to ink to test for solubility.</span></td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRXkAHrxOrp_ZKCo-56pyUjAVNaZ1uCCQOhoSGRJQgwut11wRHCVyU4vZo1KSYCqExV7-ko18EGEvR3PLrAq_Kz39USIhbR1KIVziGVNdVKRh__J69MQW4gXLS4XJ3Wd5n83v8BkGrlcG/s1600/06+blotting+droplet.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="490" data-original-width="750" height="261" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhwRXkAHrxOrp_ZKCo-56pyUjAVNaZ1uCCQOhoSGRJQgwut11wRHCVyU4vZo1KSYCqExV7-ko18EGEvR3PLrAq_Kz39USIhbR1KIVziGVNdVKRh__J69MQW4gXLS4XJ3Wd5n83v8BkGrlcG/s400/06+blotting+droplet.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">A small piece of blotter was used to absorb the water <br />droplet and determine if the media was stable.</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhEwDyzYEvuqu_aTjVvl77WElnhM8ys7OgHprrRC8Dm_0qMyc_R2EtUhtD4eEZQXzIIeWaJ2H7WhWbML24e4BcHWw40TQN_h4BKkOxau1iOFklnSjf5FvQHrJlqlgBIBb4NSl_1BSmWtfd/s1600/07+clean+blotter+test.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="545" data-original-width="750" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhEwDyzYEvuqu_aTjVvl77WElnhM8ys7OgHprrRC8Dm_0qMyc_R2EtUhtD4eEZQXzIIeWaJ2H7WhWbML24e4BcHWw40TQN_h4BKkOxau1iOFklnSjf5FvQHrJlqlgBIBb4NSl_1BSmWtfd/s400/07+clean+blotter+test.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The blotter was clean, as seen above, so the media <br />was stable and aqueous treatment could proceed.</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><br /></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Once the media for this map was tested, the map was placed on a piece of Hollytex. Hollytex is a thin, strong, acid-free, woven polyester that acts as a support while the paper is in the water bath. A second sheet was placed on top so that the map was sandwiched between and it was easier and safer to handle. </span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEg2GccOVqY6-kmpsdVbeOP1Az26aH6g4nF2CMu7zrQkUv7OBlCtUOwaYf1UR_hu0wUOUKEe9qKfIoOL6yVD0SMh6uZfTqLPJOPAz_NoPXAA6GW2sOUdIQDOUeS4vQWc8T1Vg8CGGm25Ar/s1600/10+folio+on+hollytex.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="554" data-original-width="750" height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiEg2GccOVqY6-kmpsdVbeOP1Az26aH6g4nF2CMu7zrQkUv7OBlCtUOwaYf1UR_hu0wUOUKEe9qKfIoOL6yVD0SMh6uZfTqLPJOPAz_NoPXAA6GW2sOUdIQDOUeS4vQWc8T1Vg8CGGm25Ar/s400/10+folio+on+hollytex.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Map resting on Hollytex prior to humidification</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Before placing the map in the water bath, it was humidified lightly to help it absorb water more easily once submerged. A Dahlia Sprayer - commonly used in conservation, was imported from Japan, and was selected for its ability to provide a fine mist without droplets or splatters - was used to humidify the front and back of the page prior to submersion.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRI13pXmekLCaaaEO6_vgbK6ZuflIZwO85k3XbjdIzgYFWuDrtYiSR9y8hKuAK-AsOq2AlkxsU-9z2lKOow2BK_KuOO7HXeG-P36_G_UMZUYqlAlDYplxBQau-frzsc47YCWuq3LiK0fsX/s1600/11+testing+flow+of+sprayer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="487" data-original-width="750" height="258" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhRI13pXmekLCaaaEO6_vgbK6ZuflIZwO85k3XbjdIzgYFWuDrtYiSR9y8hKuAK-AsOq2AlkxsU-9z2lKOow2BK_KuOO7HXeG-P36_G_UMZUYqlAlDYplxBQau-frzsc47YCWuq3LiK0fsX/s400/11+testing+flow+of+sprayer.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The water flow was tested prior to misting the map.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN4abdwuOBrQR02RI0z08aR-wQ975wHxLSo1vnd9FAJgkOlo_uW_ohlB2XN8S-YV8CzHSXZMJh2BBTZ2IlKMHHlAUw-kfmUEGshWxA2tL7imSC4-nE4OWfmqj2JG8sD4hWHyJFcVuDlt30/s1600/13+spraying+verso.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="473" data-original-width="750" height="251" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN4abdwuOBrQR02RI0z08aR-wQ975wHxLSo1vnd9FAJgkOlo_uW_ohlB2XN8S-YV8CzHSXZMJh2BBTZ2IlKMHHlAUw-kfmUEGshWxA2tL7imSC4-nE4OWfmqj2JG8sD4hWHyJFcVuDlt30/s400/13+spraying+verso.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">The back of the map was also sprayed prior to <br />
submersion in the water bath.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Once the map was humidified and the fibers were relaxed, the second piece of Hollytex was placed on top and the map was carefully submerged into a bath of water. Light pressure was applied to encourage the map to absorb water and sink into the bath for soaking.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcmPF2k6d56huE9lz6ryzP9jwTtBNFP7haVKy5CtZzEW52c1M_H6bGaiezR-_1IgjnlKqQR4cy7clBv3oAEksM5ZlpoYet6eXP8OMo15VTNc7gTn8mUVyZoWGQwQ7CPmsP1B-Tb9z2vzNm/s1600/14+placing+in+bath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="750" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgcmPF2k6d56huE9lz6ryzP9jwTtBNFP7haVKy5CtZzEW52c1M_H6bGaiezR-_1IgjnlKqQR4cy7clBv3oAEksM5ZlpoYet6eXP8OMo15VTNc7gTn8mUVyZoWGQwQ7CPmsP1B-Tb9z2vzNm/s400/14+placing+in+bath.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The map, sandwiched between two pieces of Hollytex, <br />was submerged into a bath of water.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0GYrksqtJTRCTe7CRaTJsrk1RQLqq0mx8aKc265hQ3qQdMZS_md85ZmFR6OJEEkJfoC8kMm5tqngAE99Z4ghxlSYx4x230C3PdKp7xe1CKqluaektJIbW1AkKPqOHDZ9Yg1xfroohUfIm/s1600/15+submerging+document.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="526" data-original-width="750" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg0GYrksqtJTRCTe7CRaTJsrk1RQLqq0mx8aKc265hQ3qQdMZS_md85ZmFR6OJEEkJfoC8kMm5tqngAE99Z4ghxlSYx4x230C3PdKp7xe1CKqluaektJIbW1AkKPqOHDZ9Yg1xfroohUfIm/s400/15+submerging+document.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Light pressure was applied to encourage the map to <br />
absorb water and sink into the bath.</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><span id="goog_365769122"></span><span id="goog_365769123"></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTZO4ENkYOlrk-b8FNbbSI7_4LrDYjD85yfZXKohYDOJCwvwWnLt-H0tO5Ml4ctA_UPwXnMYcDfKroM_dcJXmjAC9bs7jkwJoHSvhMcbbd2wiNmfEgAw3cZef6lFyOVtzqNZylKW8zEY44/s1600/16+folio+in+bath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="543" data-original-width="750" height="288" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhTZO4ENkYOlrk-b8FNbbSI7_4LrDYjD85yfZXKohYDOJCwvwWnLt-H0tO5Ml4ctA_UPwXnMYcDfKroM_dcJXmjAC9bs7jkwJoHSvhMcbbd2wiNmfEgAw3cZef6lFyOVtzqNZylKW8zEY44/s400/16+folio+in+bath.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The map was left to soak so that the paper tape's <br />adhesive could dissolve and release.</span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></td><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAnIFov3OEL2422A53GWN35E_P-Pk98l3Q-OM1SAxHL_3qlE29BZ2woWB3M6pknZB8kXk4hnoz8xwdlkUbNYDJO9VA3695Lt9AdOvtxshlVfPfpgEmyrx02wVUs4jIMKJpJGbpcAeBpfhp/s1600/17+pointing+at+tape+in+bath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="474" data-original-width="750" height="252" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAnIFov3OEL2422A53GWN35E_P-Pk98l3Q-OM1SAxHL_3qlE29BZ2woWB3M6pknZB8kXk4hnoz8xwdlkUbNYDJO9VA3695Lt9AdOvtxshlVfPfpgEmyrx02wVUs4jIMKJpJGbpcAeBpfhp/s400/17+pointing+at+tape+in+bath.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The paper tape </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After soaking for about a half hour, the adhesive from the paper tape had softened enough to release from the map. The paper tape was peeled back to the extent possible, then a microspatula and a larger plastic spatula were both used to loosen and lift the remainder of the paper tape carrier.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1GXNsB2yBzOgNaLAi1vn44MPCyM_4gJjnEoUG6sXbgKTXCdbXPiddkOU3GTtGjibxjG3joKCx2O5B5E7hdQlXsw2A9R05syd8hhrpM5SSNx1hpcowLCxW42-BVlop07gjNqWOn5WuammA/s1600/19+lifting+tape+in+bath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="527" data-original-width="750" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1GXNsB2yBzOgNaLAi1vn44MPCyM_4gJjnEoUG6sXbgKTXCdbXPiddkOU3GTtGjibxjG3joKCx2O5B5E7hdQlXsw2A9R05syd8hhrpM5SSNx1hpcowLCxW42-BVlop07gjNqWOn5WuammA/s400/19+lifting+tape+in+bath.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyUmkuH4kNCV3uYRVXdc-AhbxJWw0UvdlXI6n2UQN3oLo5hRkr0w69weSn1ZBZFEuhBvasmOWLO_VWLGaWNSFKWiQpripNxGkyjwJa4ainpcb93dAyFyIpYJMtLDSgjeLUnY3U-N30kiUu/s1600/20+using+microspatula+to+lift+tape.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="517" data-original-width="750" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhyUmkuH4kNCV3uYRVXdc-AhbxJWw0UvdlXI6n2UQN3oLo5hRkr0w69weSn1ZBZFEuhBvasmOWLO_VWLGaWNSFKWiQpripNxGkyjwJa4ainpcb93dAyFyIpYJMtLDSgjeLUnY3U-N30kiUu/s400/20+using+microspatula+to+lift+tape.jpg" width="400" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW0tcFwJBA_3RJmXJH1fRMPVVi0jAblpM_ixtTZhRTkjTztyZwnOc9dNSLxXtEwSgxg9I_qzA2F4FdiM4vIzMUSWalg2-yOCOO6LqVDxYeObIIBOkDlsmtALSfJFn7QppHA1_giY-BEbaT/s1600/21+using+spatula+to+lift+tape+in+bath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="750" data-original-width="544" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjW0tcFwJBA_3RJmXJH1fRMPVVi0jAblpM_ixtTZhRTkjTztyZwnOc9dNSLxXtEwSgxg9I_qzA2F4FdiM4vIzMUSWalg2-yOCOO6LqVDxYeObIIBOkDlsmtALSfJFn7QppHA1_giY-BEbaT/s400/21+using+spatula+to+lift+tape+in+bath.jpg" width="290" /></a></div>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Once both layers of the paper tape were removed, the surface of the map where the tape was adhered was lightly massaged to remove any remaining adhesive.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrSZu-8-GKSNOvNoCYOS-0REyURIuRJAgO8KjYHgv121uDoVd3jMzcQ6dCdDYCt3LcouOTgp3Txbb9p8n8ol-GBQQZA1yHv3JxaBH6NHLnTr1gUAKYf8rRc5H5sjlZmhWoPX_lgLnfLxhx/s1600/22+using+fingertips+to+remove+adhesive.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="512" data-original-width="750" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhrSZu-8-GKSNOvNoCYOS-0REyURIuRJAgO8KjYHgv121uDoVd3jMzcQ6dCdDYCt3LcouOTgp3Txbb9p8n8ol-GBQQZA1yHv3JxaBH6NHLnTr1gUAKYf8rRc5H5sjlZmhWoPX_lgLnfLxhx/s400/22+using+fingertips+to+remove+adhesive.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Using fingertips to gently massage the paper surface <br />to remove the remaining adhesive.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The map was then soaked in several successive baths to remove acidity and discoloration to the extent possible.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyvdxW8GfVhmWpJUWH7G-a3jqbQZ3nmLDYCRGB5OOqjzdH3KguO0__-YmtV8yQ8TJl_r_7ys3oWgrXHrjyAQnI1sWObDNVbaBrjbXH5MbVl60HXSDLLiN2MCIW6tWZVAF_gIC6Sgg8Gnh/s1600/23+yellow+water.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="500" data-original-width="750" height="266" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgRyvdxW8GfVhmWpJUWH7G-a3jqbQZ3nmLDYCRGB5OOqjzdH3KguO0__-YmtV8yQ8TJl_r_7ys3oWgrXHrjyAQnI1sWObDNVbaBrjbXH5MbVl60HXSDLLiN2MCIW6tWZVAF_gIC6Sgg8Gnh/s400/23+yellow+water.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When tilted, it was easier to see how discolored the water had become.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">After the last bath, the map was removed from the bath and placed on a blotter to air dry. Sometimes, paper items will need flattening after washing, but fortunately this map dried flat on its own.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJOAMKa0-qQP76d16mOSJdi7hRCGdrzQ9hX4sBp7m5MoZk2MbX3t9yovs_Oz1zzw5YvqbsWRCfT21hehqlMduiw8pTae5v4DhnzkHx98iaMjmSn0-3dK2rYSUOdswDWXdwLPLMIZ3JYqXd/s1600/24+pulling+out+of+bath.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="494" data-original-width="750" height="262" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgJOAMKa0-qQP76d16mOSJdi7hRCGdrzQ9hX4sBp7m5MoZk2MbX3t9yovs_Oz1zzw5YvqbsWRCfT21hehqlMduiw8pTae5v4DhnzkHx98iaMjmSn0-3dK2rYSUOdswDWXdwLPLMIZ3JYqXd/s400/24+pulling+out+of+bath.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The Hollytex makes it much easier to handle the wet paper.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYLILTQcIdUlKDWT-c5x2NT4FO28eGObLCjzOHqXDKpm4lCIsDEqJA4G3DCob0oAKhrZWGKf5DXWgsT75WqSf-oT8Q8qi1NCBHjj6pOR_ZVOWSJY-QGxY-jinrwfN1-Xs3QxdNerKtXWaw/s1600/25+draining+document.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="535" data-original-width="750" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYLILTQcIdUlKDWT-c5x2NT4FO28eGObLCjzOHqXDKpm4lCIsDEqJA4G3DCob0oAKhrZWGKf5DXWgsT75WqSf-oT8Q8qi1NCBHjj6pOR_ZVOWSJY-QGxY-jinrwfN1-Xs3QxdNerKtXWaw/s400/25+draining+document.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Draining the majority of the water out before placing on blotter.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFes1H7C8b7gJT3WDmgC5B7S4DbS1u20badIcfLzHSFyjdrKDeZJNqIsIHZALdEJPsbcUFJatruFsrD6VH-5HIJ9jwUYnBnVN0DAMT-sFp9-MXXJMotr80nYUu6H3rgOyW8jvt6YazT4hc/s1600/26+drying+on+blotters.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="511" data-original-width="750" height="272" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhFes1H7C8b7gJT3WDmgC5B7S4DbS1u20badIcfLzHSFyjdrKDeZJNqIsIHZALdEJPsbcUFJatruFsrD6VH-5HIJ9jwUYnBnVN0DAMT-sFp9-MXXJMotr80nYUu6H3rgOyW8jvt6YazT4hc/s400/26+drying+on+blotters.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Wet map drying between Hollytex on blotter.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The map will be mended and hinged back into its place in <i>The Life of George Washington</i> with Japanese paper and starch paste. Because it was washed, much of the acidity has been removed, so it will be stronger and hopefully be used for many years to come.</span>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-32878164323942956282018-03-01T14:43:00.001-05:002018-03-02T11:01:05.841-05:00Paper Grain: Enhances or Impedes the Function of a Book<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<![endif]--><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">There are many steps to designing and constructing a book that
functions well in the hands of a reader. Considering the properties of
each component used in the book’s construction will have a significant
influence on its performance. In <a href="https://library.uncg.edu/services/preservation_services.aspx" target="_blank">Preservation Services</a>, we are most often
repairing books rather than creating new bindings, so we inherit the bookbinding
decisions made by a book’s original creator, whether good or bad. As we determine
the best method of repair, we consider both the aesthetic outcome (how a book
will look) as well as the function of the book.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlaAY-wmUNV2Ojk-FkXpysexXRjUENO3nPKFeq7BR_bpKO0tGmeLK-Ur8667osXOux8vK8DoLxKF5ySzKyO2PR0TPBRHC42iVS1dLnIP-pNPgZ666AALvVpO0Jpuj59qGdRMKTiQj-Fz00/s1600/brandi-redd-414738-unsplash.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="213" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlaAY-wmUNV2Ojk-FkXpysexXRjUENO3nPKFeq7BR_bpKO0tGmeLK-Ur8667osXOux8vK8DoLxKF5ySzKyO2PR0TPBRHC42iVS1dLnIP-pNPgZ666AALvVpO0Jpuj59qGdRMKTiQj-Fz00/s320/brandi-redd-414738-unsplash.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div class="_3bJ2H CHExY">
<div class="_1l8RX _1ByhS">
<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Photo by Brandi Redd on Unsplash.com</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The type and quality of paper used in the binding can affect
how long a book will last over time. One of the recurring issues conservators face
are <a href="https://library.uoregon.edu/catdept/presbind/brittle" target="_blank">brittle books</a>. Between the 1850s and 1980s, the publishing industry sought
ways to produce large quantities of books that were cheaper to manufacture. Books
printed on wood-pulp paper were among the ill-fated results as the process of
making the paper left it destined to become more acidic over time which causes
the paper fibers to break down and become weak. Surprisingly, a book made
during the Renaissance era might be in better condition than a book printed in the
1950s due to the type of paper used.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Brittle book <br /><span style="font-size: xx-small;">(Image: https://psap.library.illinois.edu/collection-id-guide/paper)</span></span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Additionally, the way the paper is used in the binding has a
substantial influence on how the book will operate, such as how the book will
open and close or how easily the pages will turn. Just like wood, paper has a
grain direction to it. As paper is made, whether handmade or machine-made, the
fibers generally align vertically or horizontally due to the motion of how a
papermaker forms the sheet or how the fibers are extruded from a machine.</span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Making paper by hand<span style="font-size: xx-small;"><br /><span style="line-height: 107%;">By
Hahnemühle PR (Own work) [CC BY-SA 3.0
<br />(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0)], via Wikimedia Commons</span></span></span><!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
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<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It is usually a simple task to identify the grain of a sheet
of paper, though in some paper it is difficult to determine. If you have ever
tried to tear a coupon out of a newspaper, you have likely experienced the
blessing and curse of paper grain. In one direction, the paper is easy to tear straight
but in the other it has a mind of its own. When tearing with the grain
direction, it is much easier to make a straight tear.</span><br />
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJlPJGqwy5yJeBVXUcojh5qfsugqH06LX3BMHZ3Lyd18HyTa5hE2ca_DX0eOO8O6FnnGJmpSq4CxNqde1QnK0qaeufVqeLmoDe3snJVUTjlE8DKzRYrFCd9CbMmeivZBL9FV-N9dvUbCZ/s1600/tearing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="550" data-original-width="1600" height="219" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSJlPJGqwy5yJeBVXUcojh5qfsugqH06LX3BMHZ3Lyd18HyTa5hE2ca_DX0eOO8O6FnnGJmpSq4CxNqde1QnK0qaeufVqeLmoDe3snJVUTjlE8DKzRYrFCd9CbMmeivZBL9FV-N9dvUbCZ/s640/tearing.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Left: Tearing with the paper grain, Right: Tearing against the paper grain<br />(Blue arrows indicate grain direction)</span></td></tr>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Another method of determining the grain of paper is to bend
it as if you are about to fold it. When you bend against the paper grain, the
paper is more resistant to the pressure of your hand. When you bend with the
grain, the paper seems much more cooperative with the folding process. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAtp1zDgL1Hp0zWh9PV-QMwNhpYVAfUjBN245Lu9gk99OJ9djXlgBdDRJpVLNNcTnDqVAId0xohTqrLduMd1ale2C_coEKaKdxMbqO9-AIXeOUfWi4KP17nkW5Kb4j8bcylwvPKsgTUbmK/s1600/resistence+when+folding+against+grain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1419" data-original-width="1600" height="283" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAtp1zDgL1Hp0zWh9PV-QMwNhpYVAfUjBN245Lu9gk99OJ9djXlgBdDRJpVLNNcTnDqVAId0xohTqrLduMd1ale2C_coEKaKdxMbqO9-AIXeOUfWi4KP17nkW5Kb4j8bcylwvPKsgTUbmK/s320/resistence+when+folding+against+grain.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Testing the paper grain</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Similarly, folding and creasing with the paper grain creates a much tidier fold
than when the paper is folded against the grain.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSa9EhE1W4V4AIQ3E9lI_yGdkZdE1QKoCs6j6l8PY88jYPRc8C3pMk0j-SpwDLXd44vI4425olzYtBQjKrwClBYl0vKnTjuTTn9AeR7_RV__tBYyEkssty-0GVftULcBnMOoM5JV0Hxv4E/s1600/creasing.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="522" data-original-width="1600" height="208" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiSa9EhE1W4V4AIQ3E9lI_yGdkZdE1QKoCs6j6l8PY88jYPRc8C3pMk0j-SpwDLXd44vI4425olzYtBQjKrwClBYl0vKnTjuTTn9AeR7_RV__tBYyEkssty-0GVftULcBnMOoM5JV0Hxv4E/s640/creasing.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Left: Folding against the paper grain, Right: Folding with the paper grain</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">So, how does paper grain affect the function of a book? The
rule of thumb with grain direction in bookbinding is to make sure the grain of
all your materials (book board used to make the covers, book cloth covering the
book, and any other material with a grain used in the construction of a book)
is running parallel to the spine of the book. Not only will the paper fold more
easily and neatly if the grain direction is parallel to the spine, but it also
affects how well the book opens and its ability to adjust to environmental
changes like humidity.</span><br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOIu2JaMLEFRxH3FWM4qWhou-YKVW-Dffm32-s4tKdb6j9emj0d7SJQWOcmzTKuHH7_PVXM9VWC0kT2_7gO9SqFd4kmDBkNnB9BzuUxR4bUdpEAcoAGX9AluHEFueSKMj0mbSppTJjZR3O/s1600/demo+of+pages+not+draping.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1138" data-original-width="1600" height="227" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiOIu2JaMLEFRxH3FWM4qWhou-YKVW-Dffm32-s4tKdb6j9emj0d7SJQWOcmzTKuHH7_PVXM9VWC0kT2_7gO9SqFd4kmDBkNnB9BzuUxR4bUdpEAcoAGX9AluHEFueSKMj0mbSppTJjZR3O/s320/demo+of+pages+not+draping.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pages do not drape properly because the grain direction <br />is perpendicular to the spine of the book</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgKkQNtX1xPDRlIoeXIceZ-VzJZ26rKa3p1cPD51UJvJgqcozvby28wczrmtKmawX4xXh89DnS_NMqrXoE10gkWxbTAudErWZ_k-0ySf3o0Pm0rI0Zh3m1CCuHH3al5QH3PYUzP20Eb7oa/s1600/example+of+drape.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="663" data-original-width="1600" height="165" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjgKkQNtX1xPDRlIoeXIceZ-VzJZ26rKa3p1cPD51UJvJgqcozvby28wczrmtKmawX4xXh89DnS_NMqrXoE10gkWxbTAudErWZ_k-0ySf3o0Pm0rI0Zh3m1CCuHH3al5QH3PYUzP20Eb7oa/s400/example+of+drape.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Pages with correct grain direction drape open more easily</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">As a book is fully opened, the pages should easily turn and
lay down without extra effort from the reader. In bookbinding, this is referred
to as the drape of the book. If the pages drape nicely, the grain direction of
the pages is likely parallel to the spine. If the pages must be held open or
even stand up on their own, the grain direction of the pages is likely
perpendicular to the spine.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtJ6lX3KLVS9aBKyNpep6rGG71OLyRn4LUt3pgPieJ7_t2U8htLM8-qs4FaetNCduPOPhGyfzZzJeWMZEBzuKd-I7jas9bosI4vo-S9jAI8SxwWoQ-ehBZmsDIAYKLIk-78Y8b-H3BqUJQ/s1600/rippling.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="443" data-original-width="1600" height="176" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtJ6lX3KLVS9aBKyNpep6rGG71OLyRn4LUt3pgPieJ7_t2U8htLM8-qs4FaetNCduPOPhGyfzZzJeWMZEBzuKd-I7jas9bosI4vo-S9jAI8SxwWoQ-ehBZmsDIAYKLIk-78Y8b-H3BqUJQ/s640/rippling.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">When grain direction is wrong, a book exposed to humidity ripples <br />and dries because it is restricted by sewing or adhesive at the <br />spine and cannot swell and shrink freely.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">If the grain direction is wrong, the pages are not allowed
to shrink and swell with changes in humidity. Paper swells when it takes in
moisture from the air. Perhaps you have noticed ripples in the pages near the
center of a book where the pages are sewn or adhered at the spine. Usually,
this is a result of the book experiencing increased humidity. The paper swells
but has nowhere to go, so it ripples and dries. If the grain direction is
parallel to the spine, the pages can swell outward from the spine when it is
more humid and shrink back to normal in drier conditions.</span><br />
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5DC7ghyphenhyphenFwdwe9s_XBe8-VqLsve9_7E5xCPl1z-mz-Mz-FGabwjzKAuVBmUGu25gRqqu-P364etRplTg9PvHj7jVIsWVPhj2BiJLhQeZyT9q_0QlM8INY4PmMV7cqhcUnVq91vMlqu9d5y/s1600/thin+pages+wrong+grain.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1067" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5DC7ghyphenhyphenFwdwe9s_XBe8-VqLsve9_7E5xCPl1z-mz-Mz-FGabwjzKAuVBmUGu25gRqqu-P364etRplTg9PvHj7jVIsWVPhj2BiJLhQeZyT9q_0QlM8INY4PmMV7cqhcUnVq91vMlqu9d5y/s320/thin+pages+wrong+grain.jpg" width="212" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Rippling along the center of the pages indicates<br /> the paper grain is likely perpendicular to the spine, <br />which impedes proper function of the book.</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Though we can’t change the grain direction in a book that
arrives in Preservation Services to be repaired or restored, understanding its impact on the function of a
book is helpful as we determine the best solution for its repair.</span></div>
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-67929835018476117952018-02-02T11:27:00.002-05:002018-02-02T13:37:19.692-05:00Book Repair On A Budget: A Partnership With Guilford County Schools Library Media Services<!--[if gte mso 9]><xml>
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Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Preservation Services Staff were pleased to conduct a series
of workshops entitled “Book Repair on a Budget” for the Guilford County Schools
(GCS) Media Specialists on January 31 and February 1, 2018. We partnered with Tammy
Gruer, the GCS Director of Library Media Services, to design the workshops
based on requests from Media Specialists for a hands-on training to aid in
extending the life of their school library collections.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="height: 238px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center; width: 352px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh_18fLX6vwxt92m21fOXZHZaG6_m1qX4EA1VvgYKJfUJun5bl7sDPp679y2ycowTu_O3_qYybJ8B02YgSygqHXmJE5H15tNTn_-wHuC-mX5favu_Cjc-3NR1lKUV6ooiwJYFReT5kyO3o/s1600/Preservation_Workshop_3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="887" data-original-width="1600" height="177" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgh_18fLX6vwxt92m21fOXZHZaG6_m1qX4EA1VvgYKJfUJun5bl7sDPp679y2ycowTu_O3_qYybJ8B02YgSygqHXmJE5H15tNTn_-wHuC-mX5favu_Cjc-3NR1lKUV6ooiwJYFReT5kyO3o/s320/Preservation_Workshop_3.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Suzanne Sawyer, UNCG Preservation Technician, <br />teaching GCS Media Specialists about book repair</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">With the understanding that the Media Specialists are
working on a limited budget and with very full schedules, our goal was to focus
on treatments that are relatively quick and easy to perform and that require
materials already on hand or that can be acquired inexpensively.</span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMez8hz921c6Jr0-Xdz1Yyv_zU5vmxgiD2bZU0_CozhWJF7uQBhnPA9-RJXaVPGncSFR599YvRu3f9f6dOlqUf0CJZqdDzr9HRA2FvbizqNHTe0tk0yFSFzPVao4S_Fe-tvgedGs4d3r4q/s1600/Spine+Repair.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1191" data-original-width="1600" height="236" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgMez8hz921c6Jr0-Xdz1Yyv_zU5vmxgiD2bZU0_CozhWJF7uQBhnPA9-RJXaVPGncSFR599YvRu3f9f6dOlqUf0CJZqdDzr9HRA2FvbizqNHTe0tk0yFSFzPVao4S_Fe-tvgedGs4d3r4q/s320/Spine+Repair.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Demonstrating a book spine repair</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtw967xgNts_cZ3BhRuT2uDoZeJJHvLxDMWmdMnWuabmPBaVbwUloT-Bqvt13ytBjaf7h9gld3YxQXp3YV7yPJz8hvP2rdFV1c9biscV5BExhpCgWEEz79d5Apkd6x-E93uYho5er3inEP/s1600/Cover+Repair.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1067" data-original-width="1600" height="212" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgtw967xgNts_cZ3BhRuT2uDoZeJJHvLxDMWmdMnWuabmPBaVbwUloT-Bqvt13ytBjaf7h9gld3YxQXp3YV7yPJz8hvP2rdFV1c9biscV5BExhpCgWEEz79d5Apkd6x-E93uYho5er3inEP/s320/Cover+Repair.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Corner repair</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Media Specialists rotated between two sessions on common
book repairs. One session covered paper mending and interior hinge repairs and
the other addressed spine and cover repairs. </span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Textblock in need of a consolidation repair</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigK5deldFN-rpdGWci8bZ-IzSRaTo7WoBKeXyVgzUO4tXxstHM0UT6w0tEJICrHXpKws06Im7AKp2NWJ7eOpbe9IpLznxwk-td8Qbi-FpmllhvfE7OEEkSE0Rg0-Aqu6ZU7t0irIbAE7zz/s1600/IMG_5310.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1286" data-original-width="1600" height="257" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEigK5deldFN-rpdGWci8bZ-IzSRaTo7WoBKeXyVgzUO4tXxstHM0UT6w0tEJICrHXpKws06Im7AKp2NWJ7eOpbe9IpLznxwk-td8Qbi-FpmllhvfE7OEEkSE0Rg0-Aqu6ZU7t0irIbAE7zz/s320/IMG_5310.JPG" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Demonstrating interior hinge repair</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"></span><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Ms. Gruer provided document cameras for each of our
presentations which allowed us to project our demonstrations in process for
each step of the treatments. </span></div>
<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1TMzV-EBsd7eHQgYKqbZnQE7cq872upQLu12iz2L71-_NahF1l9zMHx2T9oQxdlUhNXg1mNS0hQsS_UoDrbCx1Gip9qxAWzp53UMNuvDIm4SVge12Jl9ZjpuX6eZz5mKyIVQ3zmgq1ESV/s1600/IMG-2019.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1595" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1TMzV-EBsd7eHQgYKqbZnQE7cq872upQLu12iz2L71-_NahF1l9zMHx2T9oQxdlUhNXg1mNS0hQsS_UoDrbCx1Gip9qxAWzp53UMNuvDIm4SVge12Jl9ZjpuX6eZz5mKyIVQ3zmgq1ESV/s320/IMG-2019.JPG" width="319" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Audrey Sage, UNCG Preservation Services Manager, <br />demonstrating a spine repair with the aid <br />of a document camera</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">The document cameras proved to be valuable tools
as the Media Specialists had a much better view of the techniques and were able
to more easily work along with us at their own work stations. </span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1zbOXJgepeZXgjgZrmn4Mxo8DyOleI8ej1nIAAa06fT_BYwL_73RhjOTqfPvEUtHwu7JVrzfycb448LP1v-7GBOHq802_e6GP_4CKQVkivASvsKDh9BgGln9IUreLZMlZwYOPmZRXclXl/s1600/Preservation_Workshop_7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="876" data-original-width="1600" height="175" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh1zbOXJgepeZXgjgZrmn4Mxo8DyOleI8ej1nIAAa06fT_BYwL_73RhjOTqfPvEUtHwu7JVrzfycb448LP1v-7GBOHq802_e6GP_4CKQVkivASvsKDh9BgGln9IUreLZMlZwYOPmZRXclXl/s320/Preservation_Workshop_7.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">GCS Media Specialists learning about <br />spine and cover repairs</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">In addition to the workshops, we created a <a href="https://uncg.libguides.com/preservationservices/" target="_blank">Book Repair LibGuide</a> as a repository for a variety of resources including the presentations
we used in the workshops, online videos and manuals, and vendors for book
repair supplies. </span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://uncg.libguides.com/preservationservices/" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" target="_blank"><img border="0" data-original-height="859" data-original-width="1429" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3SmWor89WBx5NPvgxoTWwVgEvZeFU_gZqx_JzdpC5z1wcxAlduvsimojlNxj3l8RpOLt9ApX3nmWjyFVhI0n59-7yCDat6dsXr0ciAe78a9o05hHThE_68gi3sOH54trUiTdemeLbn-yt/s400/Libguide+image.PNG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://uncg.libguides.com/preservationservices/" target="_blank"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Book Repair LibGuide created by Preservation Services</span></a></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We are grateful to <a href="http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">UNCG’s Special Collections & University Archives</a> for providing financial support so that we could also offer a gift bag
of sample book repair supplies and tools for the GCS Media Specialists.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">It is our hope that GCS Media Specialists will be able to share
the LibGuide with parent volunteers or older students that may be able to
assist with some of the book repairs. </span><br />
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">We also plan to continue the partnership
between our staff and GCS’s Library Media Services so that we might provide
ongoing support for extending the life of school library book collections in
our community.</span></div>
Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-5974552616622437381.post-67698385202057998172018-01-17T21:46:00.000-05:002018-01-17T21:46:57.818-05:00Working on Equality: The Lifelong Work of Anna Howard Shaw and A Novel by Edward Bellamy<style>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdqLI6yqtdGYYDog4cvnMfE0leZn0gkBwT9jACR3RiWs1eOmxJshpQMO6XBEkM5F7bR-Eeb_1gQL9NX8DuRb2cRk5714Rld1jIujK3YVjXvwHGiaRkJMH-Ysun96l4PNYY9GTQzXxDkiOh/s1600/IMG_5161.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1593" data-original-width="1600" height="396" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgdqLI6yqtdGYYDog4cvnMfE0leZn0gkBwT9jACR3RiWs1eOmxJshpQMO6XBEkM5F7bR-Eeb_1gQL9NX8DuRb2cRk5714Rld1jIujK3YVjXvwHGiaRkJMH-Ysun96l4PNYY9GTQzXxDkiOh/s400/IMG_5161.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Equality by Edward Bellamy - After Treatment</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">A very special copy of <a href="http://uncg.worldcat.org/title/equality/oclc/266053" target="_blank"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Equality</i></a>,
a utopian novel by Edward Bellamy that was first published in 1897, resides in
the <a href="http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">Martha Blakeney Hodges Special Collections & University Archives (SCUA)</a>
here at <a href="https://www.uncg.edu/" target="_blank">UNCG</a> and was recently treated in <a href="http://library.uncg.edu/services/preservation_services.aspx" target="_blank">Preservation Services</a>. </span><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvOSjO45X9P6RTQHZuj2xgVlX6j2Ihgp3QBk_u9SNVLBpU2Y2qBcX4mMw1NqB_O5Gz9LlP9oSYFzF3bY_b2b3LL9K-HWaHDZJnEEcFPdN9z_3DHUnaHG-iART3QIS-SihMzEwN_r_zyIs3/s1600/IMG_5154.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1147" data-original-width="1600" height="286" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjvOSjO45X9P6RTQHZuj2xgVlX6j2Ihgp3QBk_u9SNVLBpU2Y2qBcX4mMw1NqB_O5Gz9LlP9oSYFzF3bY_b2b3LL9K-HWaHDZJnEEcFPdN9z_3DHUnaHG-iART3QIS-SihMzEwN_r_zyIs3/s400/IMG_5154.JPG" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Inscription by Susan B. Anthony</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This copy once belonged
to <a href="http://susanbanthonyhouse.org/her-story/biography.php" target="_blank">Susan B. Anthony</a> and was signed and dated by her in 1903. In later years, it
was her gift to her mentee <a href="https://www.biography.com/people/anna-howard-shaw-9480841" target="_blank">Anna Howard Shaw</a>, a fellow suffragette who was also the
lifetime companion of Anthony’s niece, <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Elmina_Anthony" target="_blank">Lucy Elmina Anthony</a>. </span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: right;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-UNi7PbLDkh0DbLeppqsDGXjEYTMj5GehyRiVKc2_6oivoZc0ZpcBAy8HOPY17NKhfUWPQ9M7P1jYbJqz6pv_LrLfBPyvtyRDa_O1ycRi1cybC3iLnGYqiffRJesoBp1oj64oB-UBcAzx/s1600/Anna_Howard_Shaw_crop.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1211" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-UNi7PbLDkh0DbLeppqsDGXjEYTMj5GehyRiVKc2_6oivoZc0ZpcBAy8HOPY17NKhfUWPQ9M7P1jYbJqz6pv_LrLfBPyvtyRDa_O1ycRi1cybC3iLnGYqiffRJesoBp1oj64oB-UBcAzx/s320/Anna_Howard_Shaw_crop.jpg" width="242" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Anna Howard Shaw</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Shaw, aside from her many years of service to the cause of
women’s right to vote, was also an ordained Methodist minister and a physician.
SCUA holds some of her papers dating from 1917-1919, including some letters she
exchanged with students of State Normal and Industrial College (now UNCG). Shaw
spoke at the 1919 commencement and received an honorary degree. Shaw Residence
Hall is named for Anna Howard Shaw.</span></span></span><br />
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> <span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"> </span></span></span><br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: large;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Shaw’s copy of <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Equality</i>,
with its interesting provenance, arrived in Preservation Services in very good
condition and requiring only minimal treatment. The title page was loose and
the interior hinges of the front and back covers were splitting due to somewhat
brittle paper.</span></span></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWG7Z9G5N0icSI7xsqiQCFy3rig-iYF_aiyiJSz6w8zRFfKU-Zv59yp4xP4RyEM__9vZ2D_BIeIdWfCFcTLmi1rAhLwTaTxBcwi80z1sxP5mLcONtl8KsYRIS9oNLUg_qYn-M-EnhdNzuq/s1600/title+page.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="745" data-original-width="1600" height="297" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWG7Z9G5N0icSI7xsqiQCFy3rig-iYF_aiyiJSz6w8zRFfKU-Zv59yp4xP4RyEM__9vZ2D_BIeIdWfCFcTLmi1rAhLwTaTxBcwi80z1sxP5mLcONtl8KsYRIS9oNLUg_qYn-M-EnhdNzuq/s640/title+page.jpg" width="640" /></a><br />
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Title Page Before and After Treatment</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">The title page was tipped in with a Japanese paper hinge and
starch paste. The hinges were also reinforced with Japanese paper. Minor
restoration of the spine at the head and tail was completed using toned
Japanese paper and starch paste.</span><br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRuRkdRvTLxtvqZvv4KkZhTug3x3VvHrZx_kR_AzI3gIi1FcwnP-GT8_TPxvL5tqXIK4yf7m-6YTuxa-HR9a-2huZjh6PrlvdhjOfXHRicpZBNbzCOSwLB9xx7kxFtM6QgVC4eq-sDEClM/s1600/spine.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="591" data-original-width="1600" height="235" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRuRkdRvTLxtvqZvv4KkZhTug3x3VvHrZx_kR_AzI3gIi1FcwnP-GT8_TPxvL5tqXIK4yf7m-6YTuxa-HR9a-2huZjh6PrlvdhjOfXHRicpZBNbzCOSwLB9xx7kxFtM6QgVC4eq-sDEClM/s640/spine.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Spine Before and After Treatment</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMWjAm-hGm0lcQykfOWdU75ScUH8lnRki6IzovyQexWCCrEvW_6B4VcBog8nzU22QjXNo3KSxdK9tAonhf7pdIO0PrlzhPA8fgJqq76lNZWUYYQIWoNYfzODZIgeJwszfAGTeCIMYOrJVT/s1600/hinge.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1339" data-original-width="1600" height="532" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMWjAm-hGm0lcQykfOWdU75ScUH8lnRki6IzovyQexWCCrEvW_6B4VcBog8nzU22QjXNo3KSxdK9tAonhf7pdIO0PrlzhPA8fgJqq76lNZWUYYQIWoNYfzODZIgeJwszfAGTeCIMYOrJVT/s640/hinge.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif;">Back Cover Hinge Before and After Treatment</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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</div>
<span style="font-family: "helvetica neue" , "arial" , "helvetica" , sans-serif; font-size: large;">This volume was returned to <a href="http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/" target="_blank">SCUA</a> and will be used in classes
and exhibits. Anna Howard Shaw’s papers are also open for research at the
<a href="http://library.uncg.edu/info/depts/scua/aboutus.aspx#hours" target="_blank">Hodges Reading Room in Jackson Library</a>.</span>Suzanne Sawyerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/08759523573319721210noreply@blogger.com0